50 DISEASES OF THE LUNGS 



In the horse it is usually expressive of infectious fibrinous 

 pneumonia although it may accompany strangles or purpura 

 hemorrhagica. 



In the ox it most commonly is noted as a symptom of 

 hemorrhagic septicemia due to the Bacterium bovisepticum. 1 

 It also occurs from foreign bodies entering the lung from the 

 reticulum, the aspiration of ingesta in choking or when the 

 pharynx is paralyzed. 



In swine it is a symptom of hog cholera (lung form), 

 hemorrhagic septicemia and anthrax. A mixed fibrinous 

 and catarrhal pneumonia may occur in swine due to the 

 aspiration of medicine unskilfully given as a drench (melted 

 lard). 



In sheep fibrinous pneumonia is seen in hemorrhagic 

 septicemia (Bacterium ovisepticum) . 



Cold, the inhalation of irritant gases, smoke, steam, etc., 

 great exhaustion from overwork, casting, tying the head of 

 the horse too high, etc., are merely predisposing factors 

 in the etiology of fibrinous pneumonia. 



Symptoms. — The onset of the disease is usually sudden. 

 Without warning the patient is seized with fever, which in a 

 few hours, in the horse, may reach 104° to 106° F. The 

 patient is stupid, languid, and loses appetite. In some 

 cases a pronounced chill ushers in the disease symptoms. 

 The fever is of the continuous type remaining up for seven 

 to nine days when it drops rapidly to normal (by crisis), 

 or on the third or fourth day may begin to gradually decline, 

 reaching normal in four to eight days following (by lysis). 

 Cough is short, painful, and frequently restrained. At 

 first it is dry, later moist in character. Nasal discharge 

 is not always present, especially in continuously stabled 

 horses. In some cases, during the stage of red hepatization, 

 a rusty brown ("prune juice") discharge occurs which may 

 last only twenty-four to forty-eight hours. In the stage of 

 resolution a yellow-colored discharge may appear. The 

 pulse at first is not much affected, but as the disease pro- 

 gresses, due to cloudy swelling of the heart, its frequency 



1 In these cases the pneumonia is a mixture of catarrhal and fibrinous and 

 the course of the disorder is atypical. 



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