54 DISEASES OF THE LUNGS 



weak, subcutaneous doses of the oil of camphor (Bj) are 

 good. Caffein (5j-5ij subcutaneously) is useful. For great 

 depression (general loss of arterial tone — toxemia) an intra- 

 venous infusion of normal salt solution (2 to 4 quarts in 

 horse) may be tried. (If heart is weak, look out for pul- 

 monary edema.) Subcutaneous doses of ether and alcohol 

 in 3 ss doses are valuable in this condition. 



Unless the fever be unreasonably high (106° to 108° F.) 

 or threatens the heart's force, it should be let alone. In 

 robust patients cold water infusions into the rectum, cold 

 compresses over the chest are useful in reducing the tempera- 

 ture a degree or two. Acetanilid (giv to gj) combined with 

 caffein (3j) is recommended. (Affect depressing.) 



To favor resorption of the exudate diurectics may be 

 employed. Acetate of sodium (5j to 5j) is serviceable. 

 Spirits of nitrous ether (5j) is recommended. Iodid of 

 sodium (3 iv) is useful. In delayed resolution the resorption 

 of the exudate is said to be stimulated by puncturing the 

 infiltrated lung as in -paracentesis thoracis. Local applica- 

 tions: In severe dyspnea the application of mustard (oil of 

 mustard in alcohol 1-12-16) is advisable. (Apply in airy 

 room and use light blanket over patient after application.) 

 An ice-bag over heart or cold compresses changed every 

 fifteen minutes yield good results. 



During convalescence keep the animal as quiet as possible 

 if heart be weak and assist the appetite and digestion by 

 giving artificial Carlsbad salts to each pound of which 2 

 ounces of nux vomica have been added. For treatment of 

 complications, see these. 



Catarrhal Pneumonia ( Bronchopneumonia) . — Definition. — 

 An inflammation of the lungs affecting isolated lobules or 

 groups of lobules, the exudate and desquamated cells in the 

 alveoli seldom undergoing fibrinous coagulation. 



Occurrence. — Most common in very young or aged animals. 

 Less frequent in the horse than in the ox, sheep, and swine. 



Etiology. — Catarrhal pneumonia occurs either as a primary 

 or as a secondary affection. As catarrhal pneumonia is 

 clinically a collective term it includes a group of pneu- 

 monias, the causes of which are varied. It may be due to: 



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