36 DISEASES OF THE BRONCHI 



Symptoms. — The characteristic symptoms of acute catar- 

 rhal bronchitis are cough, which is at first short, dry and 

 and painful, but later with the accumulation of liquid 

 exudate becomes looser and less painful. Nasal discharge 

 is present and during the act of coughing bronchial slime 

 is ejected through the mouth and nose. In the early stages 

 especially the respirations are increased. Percussion is 

 normal and on auscultation rales are heard. Rales may be 

 absent in the early stages but will appear generally about 

 the second or third day. The character of the rale will 

 depend upon the size of the bronchus involved and the 

 consistency of the exudate. In the larger bronchi, provided 

 the exudate is rather thin fluid, the rale is of the character 

 of bursting large bubbles, while in the smaller bronchi the 

 rales are much finer and of a crepitant character. If the 

 bronchial mucosa is much swollen, narrowing the lumen of 

 the bronchi, whistling, piping or hissing tones may be heard. 

 As a rule the animal shows fever in the early stages (104° to 

 106° F.), but usually within two or three days the tempera- 

 ture drops. With the continuance of the fever the pulse 

 frequency increases. 



Chronic Catarrhal Bronchitis. — Chronic ' catarrhal bron- 

 chitis usually develops from the acute form. It may occur, 

 however, as a symptom of chronic heart and lung disease. 

 It is very frequently associated with chronic pulmonary 

 emphysema or seen to accompany such chronic infectious 

 diseases as tuberculosis, glanders, or verminous pneumonia. 

 Generally speaking, chronic bronchitis leads to irreparable 

 injury not only of the walls of the bronchi but of the neigh- 

 boring lung tissue (parabronchitis, bronchiectasis, atelectasis; 

 emphysema). The symptoms of. chronic bronchitis are 

 much the same as those of the acute except that the condi- 

 tion is feverless and suffers many exacerbations and remis- 

 sions. The general condition of the patient may not be 

 much disturbed, and the only evidences of the disorder are 

 chronic cough, dyspnea, and nasal discharge which is often 

 foamy and white in appearance. Obviously if, chronic 

 bronchitis is a symptom of an infectious disease like tuber- 

 culosis or glanders, the symptoms which typify these con- 



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