26 DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ADJACENT SINUSES 



From verminous bronchitis it may be distinguished 

 by the absence of the cough and rales on auscultation so 

 characteristic of bronchitis. 



Treatment.— Very unsatisfactory. - Trephining the sinuses 

 and removing the larvae with forceps is only practicable in 

 isolated cases and among valuable sheep. Nasal douches 

 do not reach the larva? in the sinuses. In severe cases 

 slaughter is the most economical disposition. 



Prevention. — It is recommended to place in the pasture 

 field a log in which a number pf 2-inch augur hol.es have 

 been bored. Salt is put in the bottom of each hole and 

 around the margin tar. When the sheep attempt to get the 

 salt the nostril becomes tar-smeared, which partially, at 

 least, protects against the bot fly. Allowing the sheep 

 constant access to lime is of some value. Plowing a few 

 furrows in the pasture serves to furnish dust in which the 

 sheep may burrow their noses to avoid the fly. 



CATARRH OF THE MAXILLARY AND FRONTAL 

 SINUSES. 



Definition. — A collection of mucopurulent exudate in the 

 sinuses of the head. 



Occurrence. — Commonest in the horse, but is seen in the 

 ox. In cattle the frontal sinuses are usually involved. 



Etiology. — Most frequently due to diseases of the teeth 

 (dental caries; alveolar periostitis). In cattle it may follow 

 dehorning. Certain infectious diseases such as glanders, 

 malignant head catarrh, etc., may induce it. 



Symptoms. — Nasal discharge which is often unilateral. It 

 may be intermittent, copious or limited, and sometimes 

 fetid. In some cases the bone covering the sinuses is atro- 

 phied and bulged outward, distorting the face. There may 

 be conjunctivitis and partial occlusion of the lacrimonasal 

 duct. Swelling of submaxillary lymph gland of the affected 

 side is usually noted. 



Diagnosis. — With a drill or gimlet bore into the suspected 

 sinus. 



Treatment. — Surgical . 



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