24 DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ADJACENT SINUSES 



attack symptoms of cerebral excitement occur, the pig 

 -showing rabiform symptoms and convulsions. 



Course. — The usual course of the disease is from two 

 to seven days. Sometimes it assumes a chronic form. 

 Recovery is rare. 



Diagnosis. — The high fever, rhinitis with pronounced brain 

 symptoms and without deformity (bulging) of the facial 

 bones are characteristic. It is distinguished from rachitis 

 by the absence of fever, facial deformity and dropping of the 

 hard palate in this disease. Actinomycosis and tubercu- 

 losis may cause thickening of the snout and nasal discharge 

 in swine. The course, however, is chronic and there is no 

 nasal hemorrhage. In doubtful cases a microscopic and 

 bacteriological examination of the discharge may be made. 

 It might be confused with hyperacute cases of hog cholera, 

 in which at times epistaxis and brain symptoms occur. 

 The epizootic character of this disease, the bowel lesions 

 on postmortem and the absence of rhinitis make the differ- 

 entiation usually easy. 



Treatment. — Of little avail. In valuable pigs irrigating the 

 nostrils with bichlorid solution (1 to 1000) may be tried. 

 It is usually better to slaughter the affected animals and 

 thoroughly disinfect the pens. As the disease is spread by 

 the infected nasal discharge, a separation of the healthy from 

 the sick is indicated. 



ANIMAL PARASITES IN THE NOSE AND SINUSES 

 OF THE HEAD. 



Grub in- the Head of Sheep. (Estrxis Ovis. 



Definition. — A catarrh of the nasal chambers and sinuses 

 of the head due to the larvse of the bot fly, (Estrus ovis. 



Occurrence. — Found in all countries where the sheep bot 

 exists. Australia is said to be exempt. Few American 

 sheep are free from grub. 



Etiology. — The sheep are usually attacked by the parent 

 bot fly during the hot season. It is said that the fly may 

 even be active in winter in warm, sunny sheep folds. 



Digitized by Microsoft® 



