22 DISEASES OF THE NOSE AND ADJACENT SINUSES 



Diagnosis. — The disease might be confused with glanders. 

 The benign course and rapid, clean healing of the ulcers 

 make the differentiation not difficult. 



Treatment. — Treat as in catarrhal rhinitis. Ulcers may 

 be dressed with any strew-powder (iodoform, compound alum 

 powder, etc.). The swollen lymph vessels may be smeared 

 with gray mercurial ointment. 



EPISTAXIS. 



Definition. — Bleeding from the nose. 



Etiology. — (a) Heredity. — In some families - of ihorses it 

 is an inherited, predisposition. In such cases (hemophilia?) 

 epistaxis occurs without apparent cause. It may follow 

 overexertion in race horses (predisposition?). 



(b) Traumatism. — Epistaxis commonly results from direct 

 or indirect traumatism. Passing objects up into the nostrils 

 (sponges, straw whisps, nasal tubes> etc.) is often followed 

 by bleeding. In forcibly ejecting dust and foreign matter 

 from the nose horses sometimes induce hemorrhage. Frac- 

 tures of the jaw (maxillary process) and of the base of the 

 cranium may be followed by nosebleed. 



(c) Heart and Lung Diseases. — In animals suffering from 

 chronic heart and lung diseases this diathesis is present. 



(d) Pressure on Jugulars. — Continued pressure on the 

 jugulars may be a cause. 



(e) Infectious Diseases. — In many, of the acute infectious 

 diseases it is a symptom (anthrax, purpura hemorrhagica, 

 glanders, septicemia), and in such blood diseases as leukemia, 

 pseudoleukemia, anemia, etc. 



(/) Tumors. — Tumors in the nasal chambers (angiomas, 

 sarcomas) induce bleeding. 



Symptoms.- — The blood either drops from the nostril or 

 flows in a thin stream. It is not foamy and not attended by 

 dyspnea. There are no general symptoms unless the hemor- 

 rhage is copious or recurs frequently where it causes general 

 anemia (pale mucous membranes, small rapid pulse, anxious 

 expression, dyspnea). Repeated hemorrhages at frequent 

 intervals may become fatal in six to nine days. 



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