136 ANIMAL PARASITES IN THE STOMACH 



enzootic ascariasis has been observed leading to considerable 

 losses from symptoms of chronic intestinal catarrh (diarrhea). 

 Peculiar to these cases is a penetrating ether-like odor of the 

 breath of the sick patient. The meat has also a similar smell. 



Treatment. — In the horse tartar emetic (§ ss) may be given 

 or Fowler's solution of arsenic (5j), or arsenic (gr. xv- 

 xxx). Turpentine (gij) in oil (Oj), and bisulphid of carbon 

 (gij in oil Oj) are also recommended. 



Calves may be given tartar emetic (gr. xlv) dissolved in 

 water (§v), one tablespoonful every three hours in milk. 

 For swine areca nut (5 j-iv) with flour as an electuary is good. 



Prophylaxis. — To prevent reinfection it is recommended 

 to burn the manure of the affected and thoroughly disinfect 

 the stable. 



Palisade-worms in the Intestine. — Following are impor- 

 tant worms of this group: 



Horse: Strongylus armatus and tetracanthus. 

 Sheep: Strongylus contortus. 

 Ox: Strongylus convolutus. 



Strongylus 'Armatus (Sclerostomum Equinum). — Strongylus 

 armatus is the most common of the palisade- worms of the 

 horse. Its life-cycle is not entirely understood. Three 

 varieties have been described : (a) Sclerostomum bidentatum, 

 (b) Sclerostomum edentatum and (c) Sclerostomum quad- 

 ridentatum. 



Sclerostomum Bidentatum. — Sclerostomum biden- 

 tatum is the cause of the common worm aneurysm found in' 

 90 per cent, of all horses in the trunk of the anterior mesen- 

 teric artery. The mature worm lives in the large intestine 

 of the horse. The eggs are voided with the feces where they 

 hatch, producing the larval form. The larvae are taken up 

 with contaminated food and bedding by healthy horses 

 and reach the intestines. From the lumen of the intestines 

 they pass probably into the veins of the mucous membrane 

 and reach the liver through the portal circulation; or they 

 may pass into the lungs through the right heart and from 

 the lungs enter the general arterial circulation. In the 

 trunk of the anterior mesenteric artery they form the worm 

 aneurysm which is one of the causes of colic (embolic) in the 



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