PARASITES IN THE LIVER 151 



AMYLOID LIVER. 



Character. — Amyloid degeneration of the liver occurs in 

 animals and generally in connection with amyloid kidney. 

 It is usually the result of chronic suppuration (strangles, 

 pleuritis, abscess of the liver, etc.). The amyloid liver is 

 characterized by its large size, grayish or yellowish-gray color, 

 and soft, cheesy, friable consistency. In the presence of iodin 

 it gives a characteristic rich mahogany-brown color. 



Symptoms. — The clinical symptoms are very indefinite. 

 They are those of anemia, cachexia, intermittent colic, icterus, 

 rupture of the liver, and internal hemorrhage. 



CARCINOMA OF THE LIVER. 



Mostly secondary from metastasis. Except in older dogs, is 

 rare in animals. * 



Symptoms. — The symptoms are very vague and consist in 

 disturbance in digestion, emaciation, anemia, icterus, colic 

 symptoms, peritonitis, rupture of the liver and fatal hemor- 

 rhage. 



GALL-STONES. CHOLELITHIASIS. 



Very rare in animals. They occasionally are met with in 

 cattle and dogs. 



Symptoms. — The principal symptoms they induce are colic 

 (horses and cattle), icterus, and digestive disturbances. 



Diagnosis. — A diagnosis is rarely made during life. 



Treatment. — The treatment consists in the use of artificial 

 Carlsbad salts. 



PARASITES IN THE LIVER. 



Parasites other than those mentioned in the liver of large 

 animals are Cysticercus tenuicollis, the cyst of the tapeworm 

 Taenia marginata of the dog. These cysts are usually found, 

 in sheep, swine and calves. The Sclerostomum bidentatum 

 is occasionally found in the liver of the horse. 



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