208 DISEASES OF THE KIDNEYS 



HEMATURIA. 



Definition. — By hematuria is meant blood in the urine. 

 This is a symptom of several diseases of the kidney, bladder, 

 and urethra. It is also associated with infectious diseases 

 (purpura, anthrax), poisoning (turpentine, gasoline) and 

 blood diseases (leukemia). 



HEMOGLOBINURIA. 



Definition. — The presence of hemoglobin without blood in 

 the urine. It is a symptom of several different diseases 

 (azoturia, Texas fever, etc.). 



PARASITES IN THE KIDNEY. 



Eustrongylus Gigas. — This parasite is rare in horses and 

 cattle. It is a large worm about the diameter of a lead-pencil, 

 varying in length, depending upon the sex, from 13 cm. to 1 m., 

 the male being the smaller. It is not known how the worm 

 enters the pelvis of the kidney. It produces a suppurative 

 pyelonephritis, and eventually total destruction of the kid- 

 ney, which is transformed into a thick-walled sac contain- 

 ing pus and the coiled worm. In large animals the symptoms 

 are very vague, as usually but one kidney is involved. 



A diagnosis can be made only by finding the brown-colored, 

 oval eggs, showing on the surface numerous round depressions. 

 The worm may occasionally pass through the ureters to the 

 bladder, where it produces cystitis. Treatment is not satis- 

 factory in large animals. 



Other Parasites in the Kidneys. — The larvae of the scleros- 

 tomum are found in the kidneys of the horse, where they give 

 rise to hemorrhage from the renal arteries. In swine the 

 Stephanurus dentatum is not uncommon in the fat (leaf lard) 

 surrounding the kidney, and more rarely in the kidney itself. 

 It is usually found on slaughter. Cysticercus cellulosse has 

 been found in the kidney of pigs; Echinococcus polymorphous 

 in the kidney of sheep. 



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