SUN- AND HEATSTROKE 213 



Course. — In primary active hyperemia the symptoms disap- 

 pear suddenly in a few hours, or they may subside gradually. 

 In the passive form the symptoms disappear as soon as the 

 causes are removed. Where this is impossible the patient 

 will.be subject to repeated attacks, and eventually the con- 

 dition may lead to the animal becoming a "dummy." 



Diagnosis. — The diagnosis largely depends upon the short 

 duration of the symptoms. Obviously we should take into 

 consideration the species, age, and condition of the patient. 

 There are many conditions which simulate and are probably 

 accompanied by cerebral, congestion (nymphomania, infec- 

 tious diseases, gastro-intestinal troubles, especially forage 

 poisoning) . 



Treatment. — The patient should be kept in a cool, quiet 

 place and fed easily digested food. Bleeding from the jugular 

 and cold applications to the poll are recommended. Internally 

 a good purge should be given. Passive hyperemia due to 

 ill-fitting collars demands a change in the harness. Cases of 

 heart weakness should be treated. 



SUN- AND HEATSTROKE. 



Sunstroke. — Sunstroke is a disorder of the brain and 

 spinal cord produced by exposure to the direct rays of a hot 

 sun acting upon .the head. From a pathological standpoint 

 . it may be, depending on the degree, a congestion, hemorrhage, 

 inflammation, or paralysis of the brain. Therefore the 

 patient will -show varied symptoms, such as excitement, 

 raging, spasms, or death may occur suddenly from apoplexy 

 or respiratory arrest. 



Treatment. — Treatment consists in the application of cold 

 to the head and the use of caffein, camphor, or veratrin. To 

 relieve the bowels arecalin or eserin may be used. 



Heatstroke. — Heatstroke is produced by prolonged expo- 

 sure to high temperatures, especially during exercise. It is 

 seen most commonly in swine that are being driven or horses 

 overworked in hot weather. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms are those of heart weakness 

 (palpitation, rapid, weak pulse, dyspnea and cyanosis). The 



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