HOG CHOLERA— SWINE FEVER 331 



more gradually. They consist in a diphtheritic stomatitis 

 and pharyngitis, leading to dysphagia, and if the larynx 

 becomes involved, pronounced dyspnea. Sometimes in cases 

 with prolonged course on palpation tumefactions due to 

 enlarged lymph glands and adhering bowel loops (adhesive 

 peritonitis) may be felt through the abdominal wall. The 

 hogs eat little or nothing and show diarrhea alternating with 

 constipation. The patients move sluggishly, arch the back 

 and lie down most of the time. Under symptoms of anemia, 

 cachexia and general debility death follows in two or three 

 weeks. A few cases recover, but usually remain stunted. 



(c) ,Pectoral Form. — In this form the symptoms of pneu- 

 monia and pleuritis predominate. The hogs show high fever 

 (108° F.), and cough frequently. There is often pronounced 

 expiratory dyspnea and nasal discharge. Conjunctivitis is 

 present. In the skin of the ears, neck, sides and lower por- 

 tions of the body, tail, etc., appear petechia? and ecchymoses. 

 The bowels are constipated in the beginning but later diarrhea 

 sets in. Death usually results in one or two weeks, although 

 in a few cases the disease becomes chronic, leading to emacia- 

 tion, capricious appetite, cough, dyspnea and fetid diarrhea. 

 Death may follow in one or two months from exhaustion. 

 Occasionally an encapsulement of necrotic lung foci takes 

 place and the patient recovers. 



(d) Mixed Form. — While in the beginning of outbreaks 

 of hog cholera the disease may assume one of the above- 

 described forms, usually later both the lung and bowel types 

 occur concomitantly in the individual. The symptoms are 

 therefore quite complex, but usually one or the other form 

 predominates. In many outbreaks marked skin lesions 

 appear. Besides the intravascular redness noted, vesicles, 

 pustules, ulcers, and marked necrosis, especially of the ears 

 and tail (which may drop off), occur. Not infrequently 

 urticaria and loss of the bristles are observed. 



Diagnosis. — The diagnosis of cholera intra vitam is difficult, 

 especially in the beginning of an outbreak. Usually after 

 carefully weighing the available symptoms an examination 

 postmortem (see this) must be made. In case of doubt a 

 diagnosis can only be made by inoculating healthy young 



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