384 DISEASES INVOLVING NERVOUS SYSTEM^ 



liarities of the different species. In practically all animals 

 are observed psychic, sensory, and motor nervous disturb- 

 ances, the absence of fever, lost or perverted appetite, rapid 

 emaciation, and fatal termination. The psychic changes are 

 shown by hyperesthesia and the tendency to attack other 

 animals or even persons by biting, kicking, or horning and the 

 continued bellowing in cattle; the sensory, by the licking, 

 gnawing, tearing, or rubbing the part of the body which was 

 bitten (itching of part, neuralgia) and the motor, by hyper- 

 kinetic symptoms, such as clonic spasms or twitching of 

 muscle groups, or, on the other hand, by akinetic phenomena, 

 as sudden dropping, paresis, or paralysis, change in voice, etc. 

 The perverted appetite is recognized by the fact that rabid 

 patients often eat their own dung and drink their own urine 

 in preference to normal food. In animals two clinical types 

 of rabies have long been recognized: (a) the furious form, 

 and (b) the paralytic (dumb) form. They are more pro- 

 nounced in the dog than in other animals. Between the two 

 types, however, intermediate forms are noted, so that clinic- 

 ally many cases occur which do not clearly belong to either 

 type. The dumb form may suddenly change to the furious, 

 and vice versa. In dogs, further, three stages of the disease 

 are fairly well presented, i. e., the stage of melancholia, the 

 stage of mania, and the stage of paralysis. They are best 

 observed in typical cases of the furious form of the disease. 

 In the other domesticated animals they are rarely well de- 

 fined. Rabid animals rapidly emaciate and almost always 

 die within ten days after the first symptoms appear. 



Horse. — The patient is first noticed to rub or gnaw the 

 healed bitten wounds (lip, nose, forelimb). At first the 

 friction thus applied is moderate, but later in the disease deep 

 excoriations and severe injury to the part rubbed or gnawed 

 are induced. The skin of the metacarpus may be torn, 

 exposing the underlying tendons and bones. Naturally swell- 

 ing of the part results. The patient is usually quite excit- 

 able, restless, pawing, alternately lying down and getting 

 up, symptoms not infrequently mistaken for colic. Biting 

 into the manger, stall partitions, etc., is a common occurrence. 

 The lips, gums, and even the teeth are thus injured, as the 



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