TRYPANOSOMIASIS 457 



per cent, solution subcutaneously) given at the same time 

 with arsenic (gr. x-xv per os) was less successful. 

 ' Prevention. — Ridding the infested districts of fly carriers 

 (cutting brush, draining fields, tillage, cleanliness about 

 stables) pasturing only at night when the flies do not swarm, 

 applying agents to the skin to keep flies away (creolin, 

 'petroleum), and encouraging the growth of citronella grass 

 are helpful. 



In non-infected localities quarantine should be established 

 against animals from infected countries. The killing and 

 cremation of all infected animals are indicated. By taking 

 the temperatures frequently during fresh outbreaks, making 

 blood examinations and animal inoculations (rats, mice) 

 the animals harboring the trypanosomes may be identified 

 and destroyed leading to the eradication of the disease in 

 districts and countries where it has not yet gained a firm 

 foothold. 



Nagana (Tsetse Disease). — Definition.^Nagana is ,an 

 African trypanosomiasis of horses and cattle, more rarely 

 in sheep, goats, and dogs, due to the Trypanosoma brucei 

 and transmitted by the tsetse fly. In character it much 

 resembles surra. 



Occurrence. — Nagana was formerly wide-spread in Central 

 and South Africa, but of late years has' grown less common 

 (disappearance of virus-carrying game?). Low, swampy, 

 river countries are most infectious. 



Etiology. — The Trypanosoma brucei, which is transmitted 

 from animal to animal by the bite of the tsetse fly (Glossina 

 morsitans) or other closely related flies (Gl. fusca, Gl. 

 . pallidipes, etc.). 



Symptoms. — In horses the period of incubation is two to 

 ten days. The symptoms are high fever (104° to 105.8° F.) ; 

 congestion of mucous membranes (eye) ; edematous swelling 

 of conjunctiva (with profuse lacrimosis); throat, legs, 

 under belly, prepuce (in males); the trypanosomes being 

 found in the blood during the fever stages. Later the fever 

 assumes an intermittent or remittent type, the patient 

 becomes anemic (pale, icteric mucous membranes), emaciated 

 and very weak, especially in hind parts, finally gets down 



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