280 NEW YORK STATE MDSE5UM 



belongs to the family Tipulidae; the other to the family 



Leptidae. 



Tipula flavicans Pabricius 



1805 Tipula flavescens (in erratis, flavicans) Fabricius, Syst. 



Antliatorum, p.24 

 1821 Tipula flavicans Wiedemann, Diptera Exotica. 1:25 

 1828 Tipula flavicans Wiedemann, Aussereur. zweifliig. Insecten, 



1:48 



1878 Tipula flav|icans Osten Sacken, Oat. Dipt. N. Am. p.38 



(listed) 



This common crane fly is widely distributed over the eastern 



United States and Canada. It belongs to the New York fauna, 



ibut I bred it from pupae collected at Lake Forest 111. The 



pupae were found in a peculiar and very restricted habitat. 



In the bottom of a glacial pothole on the top of a small moraine 



there was a deep bottom layer of mud, muck and humus, nearly 



dry from the summer's evaporation, and perforated by a few 



crawfish holes, around whose mouths were little hillocks of 



clay, brought up by the crawfishes from a deeper stratum. In 



these clay hillocks, and only in these, I found the pupae, placed 



vertically in cvlindric cavities, their heads almost reaching the 



upper surface of the clay. I collected a number of the pupae 



on Sep. 22, and the images began to emerge on the 23d and 



were all out on the 27th. During this time the adult flies were 



common among the bushes all about the pothole. They were 



not so easy to catch as are most crane flies; they readily took 



flight on the approach of a net, and, if pursued, would take 



refuge high up in the branches of neighboring trees, well out 



of reach. 



Pupa [pi. 10, flg.3] . Length 26mm, abdomen 20mm, respiratory 

 horns 1.3mm; greatest diameter of the thorax 4mm, of abdomen 

 3mm. 



Body cylindric, tapering at ends on the head and from the 

 eighth abdominal segment, the abdomen with parallel sides, the 

 thorax thickened toward its middle. Colors (generally obscured 

 by adherent dirt) brown, paler on wings and legs, on lateral 

 margins of abdomen and on two broad dorsal and two ventral 

 areas nearly covering each abdominal segment. 



Head unarmed; rostral sheath and base of antennal sheaths 

 transversely corrugated. Antennae curving posteriorly around 



