538 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Osten Sacken, C. K. On the Transformations of Simulium. Am. Ent. 



2:229. With references 

 :l>lanchon, J. E. Histoiire d'une larva aquatique des genre Simulium. 



Montpellier. 1844. p.l5 

 ;Pohl. (Pohl & Koller). "A Brazilian Pest," in Keise in das Innere von 



Brazil.. 1832 

 Riley, C. V. The Death Web of Young Trout. Net of Simulium larvae. 



Am. Ent. 1870. 2:227-28 



S. p i s c i c i d i u m. Am. Ent. 1870. p.366, 367 ' 



Simulium from Lake Superior. Am. Nat. 1881. 15:916 



Bufifalo Gnat Problem, abstract. Am. Ass'n Adv. Sci. Proc. for 



1887. May 1888. 86:362 

 S. pecuarum and m e r i d i o n a 1 e . TJ. S. Com. Agric. Rep't 



for 1886. '1887. p.459-592 

 ;Schiodte. S. f u s c i p e s. Kvaegmyggen. Berlingske Tidende. May 16, 



1878 

 Sch'onbauer. Geschichte der schaedlichen Kolumbatczer Mucken in 



Bannat. 1795 

 Theobald. Simulium Larvae. British Flies. p.l66 

 'Tomosvary, Edward. Im Auftrage d. K. ung. Minist. f. Ackerbau, etc. 



Uebers. v. Job. Wieny. 1885 

 'To-wnsend, C. H. T. On the Correlation of Habit in Nematocerous and 



Brachycerous Diptera, between Aquatic Larvae and Blood-sucking Adult 



Females. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 3:134, 136 

 • On a species of Simulium from Grand Canon of Colorado. Am. 



Ent. Soc. Trans. 1898. 20:45 

 Verdat, G. J. Mgmoire pour servir a I'histoire des Simulies. Naturw. 



Anz. d. Schweiz. Ges. 1822 

 Webster, F. M. Report on the Buffalo Gnats. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. 



Ent. Bui. 4. 1887. p.29 

 "Weissmann. Leber die Bntstehung des voUendeten Insecten in Larve 



und Puppe, p,.25-30, tab. 1, 2, 3 

 Westwood. The Water Cress Fly. Gardner's Chron. 1848. p.204 



The life histories of some of the members of this family have 

 long been known. Otto Fabricius in 1784^ published an arti- 

 cle, " Beschreibung der Atlasmiicke und ihrer Puppe." A little 

 later (1795) Schonbauer published his account of the immature 

 stages of the Columbacz midge. He wa& the first to^ state 

 that these earlier stages are passed in the water. In 

 1822 appeared Verdat's paper, on Simulium serl- 

 c e u m (=S. r e p t a n is , according to Schiner) in which 

 he figures the pupa, the larva, together with enlarged 

 details of the mouth parts of the latter. Among other 

 early writings on life history may be mentioned Pries'8 



1 Schr. d. Berl. Ges. naturf. Fr. 5:254^9, tab.3, fig.1-5. 



