28 BULLETIN 113, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Breeding range.— Arctic coasts of both hemispheres. In North 

 America from northwestern Alaska (Yukon Delta) along the coast 

 at least as far east as Franklin Bay; on Ellesmere Land, Grinnell 

 Land, and northern Greenland (on the west coast from Disco Bay 

 north to 82° and on the east coast from Scoresby Sound north to 80°) ; 

 probably on other islands in the Arctic Archipelago. South to north- 

 ern Labrador (Cape Chidley), Southampton Island, and the west 

 coast of Hudson Bay (probably as far south as York Factory). In 

 the Eastern Hemisphere Iceland, Spitzbergen^ Nova Zembla, the 

 coast of northern Scandinavia, the Kola Peninsula, the Lower Pet- 

 chora River, and the Arctic coast of Siberia south at least to the Gulf 

 of Anadyr and St. Lawrence Island. 



Winter range. — American winter records are very scarce. Has 

 been seen at Caper's Island, South Carolina, on December 21, and off 

 the St. Johns River, Florida, in February ; has been taken once in 

 California (Hyperion) , January 26 ; taken and reported common in 

 Argentina (Mar del Plata) in October; and taken in Chile (Val- 

 paraiso) in March and November. In the Eastern Hemisphere it 

 winters south to Gibraltar and the Mediterranean, and on the Asiatic 

 side to the northern Kurile Islands. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival: Florida, east coast, 

 April 8; New Jersey, 80 miles off Barnegat, May 6; Ellesmere Land, 

 Cape Sabine, May 23; northeastern Greenland, latitude 80°, May 28 

 to June 6. Dates of arrival in Alaska: St. Michael, May 12 to 15; 

 Nulato, May 15; Kowak River, May 22; Point Barrow, May 30; 

 Demarcation Point, May 24. Taken at Vancouver Island, May 11. 



Fall migration. — Southward along both coasts and through the in- 

 terior. Early dates of arrival : Massachusetts, Woods Hole, August 

 12 ; Connecticut, Wallingford, August 30 ; Alaska, Forrester Island, 

 August 24; British Columbia, Chilliwack, August 23; California, 

 Monterey Bay, August 2. Late dates of departure : Ellesmere Land. 

 Fort Conger, August 30 ; Massachusetts, Monomoy Island, September 

 29, and Woods Hole, October 13 ; Alaska, Point Barrow, August 21, 

 and St. Michael, September 12 ; British Columbia, Okanagan Land- 

 ing, September 18 ; California, September 19. Interior dates : South- 

 ampton Island, August 17; Manitoba, Lake Winnipeg, September 

 and October 8 ; Missouri, Lake Como, October ; Indiana, August 20, 

 September 11 and 12, and November 30 ; Illinois, Cairo, November. 



Egg dates.— Northern Alaska: Ten records, June 6 to July 12; 

 five records, June 8 to 19. Northern Canada : Sixteen records, June 

 16 to July 12 ; eight records, June 27 to 30. Lapland : Nine records, 

 June 2 to 20 ; four records, June 14 to 18. 



