LIFE HISTORIES OE NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND TERNS. 35 



Its restlessness and Independent action suggested to me the action of Larus 

 atricilla, as it appears in the company of Larus argentatus. Its dashing flight 

 seemed more like that of a jaeger than that of a gull. The wing was used at 

 full extent with very little flexure at humero-radial and carpal joints, and was 

 broad and wedge shaped in comparison with the narrower wing of Larus 

 argenatus. It was seen for the last time January 7 by Mr. Rich, though daily 

 watch has been kept to the present time (Feb. 22, 1918). During the 

 period that the bird was seen the mercury was hardly rising above 0° F., and 

 the harbor and bay was a solid field of ice except as broken by the ever busy 

 tugs laboring to keep an open channel. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



Breeding range. — High northern latitudes, probably circumpolar. 

 Known breeding places: Prince Patrick Island, Melville Island 

 (Winter Harbor) , northern Baffin Land (Port Bowen) , and northern 

 Greenland (Kane Basin and Kennedy Channel, and on the north- 

 eastern coast from latitude 74° to 81°) ; also said to have bred at 

 Darnley Bay, east of Franklin Bay, on the Arctic coast. In the 

 Eastern Hemisphere, at Storoen near Spitzbergen and Franz Josef 

 Land, 



Winter range. — Probably the open circumpolar seas as far north 

 as unfrozen water occurs. Said to occur in some numbers in winter 

 in southern Greenland and along the Labrador coast. In Europe it 

 occasionally winters about the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland 

 and northern France. Many winter records are of single birds, 

 probably stragglers. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival: Melville Island, Win- 

 ter Harbor, May 24; Ellesmere Land, Peterman Fiord, May 28; 

 Greenland, Etah, June 1; Prince Patrick Island, June 12.' Late 

 dates of departure: Quebec, Godbout, March 7; Labrador, Sand- 

 wich Bay, June 12 ; Alaska, Point Barrow, May 22 to June 2. 



Fall migration.-^ all. and winter wanderings are erratic. Dates 

 of arrival: Cumberland Gulf, October 24 and November 5; Anti- 

 costi Island, October; Quebec, Godbout, December 9; New Bruns- 

 wick, St. John, November ; Maine, Portland, January 4 and 5 ; Massa- 

 chusetts, Monomoy Island, December 1; Long Island, 'Sayville, 

 January 5 ; Bering Strait, November 9 ; Commander Islands, De- 

 cember 2. Dates of departure : Ellesmere Land, Lincoln Bay, Sep- 

 tember 1 ; : Wellington Channel, ' September 15 ; Boothia Felix, Sep- 

 tember 21 ; Alaska, Point Barrow, September 25 to October 10. 



Casual records. — Has occurred twice in British Columbia (Dease 

 Lake, Cassiar, September, 1899, and Penticton, Okanagan Lake, Oc- 

 tober, 1897). ' 



Bare or accidental in Ontario (Toronto, December 25, 1887). 



