LIFE HISTORIES 01? NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND TERNS. &1 



rus Island) . North on all the Arctic islands and northern Greenland 

 to at least latitude 82° 34' North. In the eastern hemisphere from 

 Spitzbergen and Nova Zembla eastward to northeastern Siberia and 

 Wrangel Island. South to Iceland, Arctic coasts of Europe and Asia 

 and to Kamchatka. 



Breeding grounds protected in the following national reservations 

 in Alaska: Bering Sea, St. Matthew Island; Pribilofs, Walrus 

 Island. 



Winter Range. — In North America south along the coast fairly 

 regularly to Massachusetts and Long Island and casually farther 

 south. In the interior rarely to the Great Lakes (Lakes Ontario and 

 Michigan). And on the Pacific coasts south to central California 

 (Monterey) and Japan, rarely to the Hawaiian Islands. In Europe 

 south to the Azores and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas. 

 North to limits of open water. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival: Southern Greenland, 

 March 20 ; northeastern Greenland, latitude 80° 20' North, June 9 ; 

 Baffin Land, Kingwah Fiord, April 20 ; Fort Conger, May 14 ; King 

 Oscar Land, May 27 ; Prince Albert Land, May 31 ; Winter Harbor, 

 June 3 ; Wellington Channel, May 16 ; Alaska, Yukon Delta, May 13 ; 

 Kowak Kiver, May 11; Point Barrow, May 11; and Demarcation 

 Point, May 14. Late dates of departure: Long Island, Rockaway, 

 May 1 ; Massachusetts, Bockport, April 24; Maine, Portland, April 

 27; Quebec, Godbout, April 29; California, Monterey, May 4; Wash- 

 ington, Tacoma, May 2. 



FaU migration. — Early dates of arrival : Massachusetts, Cambridge, 

 November 29 ; Long Island, Orient, November 30 ; California, Monte- 

 rey, November 6. Late dates of departure : Ellesmere Land, Cape 

 Union, September 1; Greenland, Thank God Harbor, September 3, 

 and Bowdoin Bay, October 17; Mackenzie Biver, October 9; Alaska, 

 Point Barrow, November 1; Kotzebue Sound, October 13; Unalaska, 

 November 12; Diomede Islands, December 7; Pribilof Islands, De- 

 cember 13. 



Casual records. — Wanders in winter along Atlantic coast to North 

 Carolina (Cape Lookout, Carteret County, March 30 or 31, 1895), 

 and to Bermuda (April 28, 1901). Accidental at many places in 

 the interior, westward to Wisconsin (Milwaukee, January 8, 12, and 

 14, 1895) , and southward to Texas (Clay County, December 17, 1880) . 



Egg dates.— Canadian Arctic coast: Twenty records, June 10 to 

 July 8; ten records, June 25 to July 5. Northern Alaska: Eleven 

 records, May 26 to June 28 ; six records, May 30 to June 12. Green- 

 land: Nine records, May 26 to July 2; five records, June 7 to 14. 

 Iceland : Ten records, May 12 to June 21 ; five records, June 1 to 10. 

 Newfoundland : Three records, June 3, 5, and 8. 



