LIFE HISTORIES OF NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND TERNS. 65 



■Winter range. — From the northern limits of open water in southern 

 Greenland south along the Labrador coast to the Bay of Fundy and 

 Maine, more rarely Massachusetts and Long Island. Occasionally on 

 the Great Lakes as far west as Michigan (Sault Sainte Marie). Re- 

 corded off North Carolina (Cape Hatteras). In Europe from Ice- 

 land, the northern British Isles, and Scandinavia south; rarely to 

 northern France and the Baltic Sea. 



Spring migration. — Early dates of arrival : Ellesmere Land, Fort 

 Conger, May 19 to June 5 ; northeastern Greenland, June 20. Late 

 dates of departure: New York, Rochester, April 14; Maine, Port- 

 land, April 27, and Richmonds Island, May 20 ; Ontario, Port Sid- 

 ney, April 6 ; Quebec, Godbout, May 1. 



Fall migration. — Early dates of arrival: Massachusetts, Boston, 

 November 4; New York, Lansingburg, November 21. Late dates of 

 departure: Northeastern Greenland, September 25 to 30; Gulf of 

 Cumberland, September 6. 



Casual records.— Accidental in Maryland (Baltimore, November 

 23, 1893) and at various places in the interior, as far west as Nebraska 

 (Dorchester, January 15, 1907). Two specimens taken at Point 

 Barrow, Alaska, August 4 and September 19, 1882. 



Egg dates. — Iceland : Eleven records, May to July 2 ; six records, 

 June 6 to 28. Greenland: Nine records, May 29 to July 1; five 

 records, June 10 to 20. 



LARU8 GLAUCESCENS Naumann. 

 GLAUCOUS-WINGED GULL. 



HABITS. 



This, the most abundant, the most widely distributed, and the 

 characteristic gull of the north Pacific coast, is an omnipresent and 

 familiar sight to the travelers along the picturesque coast and 

 through the numerous inside passages leading to Alaska. From the 

 coast of Oregon southward it is replaced by the dark-mantled west- 

 ern gull during the breeding season, and in Bering Sea it mingles 

 with the large white Arctic species, the glaucous gull, by which it 

 is replaced northward. During the latter part of April, in 1911, we 

 first became familiar with the glaucous- winged gull in Puget Sound, 

 where it was very abundant, feeding with the herring gull in large 

 numbers about the harbors. As we steamed northward in May 

 through various channels and sounds to Ketchikan, Alaska, the 

 grand and picturesque scenery of those inside passages was enlivened 

 and made more attractive by the constant presence of these gulls 

 following the ship, drifting northward to their breeding grounds, 

 or merely wandering in search of food.. At Ketchikan they were 



