GENERAL DIRECTIONS 



Supplies 



i. Dissecting instruments necessary for the course are: 

 Medium-sized scalpel. 

 Fine scissors. 

 Coarse scissors. 

 Stout probe for dissecting. 

 Long slender probe for probing. 

 Medium-sized forceps with straight points. 



A towel and a laboratory coat or gown to protect the clothes are desirable. 

 Bone scissors or forceps will be provided in the laboratory. 



2. Drawing materials necessary for the course are: 



Drawing paper, No. 6. This paper must be stiff and hard and have a smooth surface. 



Hard drawing pencil, 6 or 8H. 



Eraser. 



Ruler. 



Red, yellow, and blue pencils. 



Pad of emery paper to sharpen the hard pencil. 



3. Obtain the supplies named above and present yourself with a complete outfit at the 

 first laboratory period. Do not handicap yourself at the start by neglecting to provide 

 yourself with the necessary materials. 



Drawings 



1. All drawings must be made with a hard pencil on good quality drawing paper, unless 

 otherwise specified. Colors are to be used only when specified in the directions. Shading, 

 crosshatching, etc., are undesirable and are to be avoided. Drawings made otherwise than 

 as here specified will not be accepted. 



2. Drawings are to be line drawings only, that is, only the outlines of the structures are 

 to be drawn. Every line must represent a structure actually present on the specimen. Lines 

 must be smooth and clean. Correct proportions are of the utmost importance and are to be 

 obtained by use of a ruler. In making a drawing it is best to outline the drawing first with 

 very light lines, correcting these until accurate appearance and proportions are obtained. 

 Then erase the light lines until they are barely visible and go over them with a well-sharpened 

 pencil, making the final lines firm and clear. 



3. Drawings are not to be diagrammatized unless so directed in the manual. Many 

 students do not seem to understand the difference between a diagram and a drawing. As 

 an illustration, Figure 9, page 15, in Kingsley's Comparative Anatomy of Vertebrates, is a diagram, 

 and Figure 45, page 51, is a drawing of the upper half of the same structures represented in the 

 diagram. The latter shows what the object actually looks like; the former is for purposes of 

 explanation only. 



4. All drawings must be made directly from the object with the object before the student 

 and completed in the laboratory. The making of rough sketches in the laboratory to be 

 "improved" elsewhere is unscientific, inaccurate, and absolutely not permitted. 



5. Remember that the prime requisite of a drawing is accuracy. A drawing is for the 

 instructor a record of what you have actually seen upon your specimen. If you hav e not 



