INDEX 



Abdominal pores 166 



Abdominal vein: development of 203, 

 220-30, 241; dogfish 209; mam- 

 mals 271; Necturus^ 223, 224-25; 

 pigeon 248; skate 2i"i; turtle 230- 

 32, 233, 241 



Abducens nerve: definition of 360; 

 elasmobranch 311; mammal 355; 

 Necturus 320; pigeon 331; turtle 

 326 



Abduction, definition of 131 



Accessory mesonephric ducts 281, 282, 

 283 



Accessory urinary bladder 285, 286 



Acetabulum 81, 82, 83 



Acipenser: classification of 6; external 

 anatomy 21; scales 49; skull 101; 

 vertebral column 63-64 



Acrania, definition of 68 



Acromion process 93 



Action of muscle, definition of 136 



Acustic area 354, 358 



Acustico-facial nerve: Necturus 321; 

 turtle 326 



Acustico -lateral area: elasmobranch 

 308; Necturus 320 



Adduction, definition of 131 



Afferent branchial arteries: dogfish 

 215; Necturus 227; skate 215 



Agnathostomata, definition of 8 



Air-sacs, pigeon 178-81 



Allantois 163, 276, 292-93; blood 

 vessels of 203 



Alligator: atlas 70-71; axis 71; jaw 

 113-14, 115; pectoral girdle 91; 

 ribs 71-72; skull 106, ir 2-16; 

 sternum 91 ; vertebral column 

 70-72 



Alveolus, jaw 116, 124 



Alveolus, lung 176, 188 



Amblystoma, classification of 6 



Amia: classification of 6; external 

 anatomy 22; scales 49; skull 102; 

 vertebral column 64 



Amnion 292, 293, 294 



Amniota: definition of 8; embryonic 

 membranes of 292-94 



Amphibia: blastula 32; cleavage 32; 

 development of 32, 34, 37~39; 

 exoskeleton 50; fore limb 90; gas- 

 trula 34; hind limb 81; pectoral 

 girdle 89-90; pelvic girdle 80-81; 

 ribs 69; sternum 86, 90; vertebral 

 column 68-69. See further under 

 Necturus 



Amphicoelous vertebra 65, 67, 69, 76 



Ampkioxus 9-10: blastula 32; classi- 

 fication of 6; cleavage 32; develop- 

 ment of 32, 34, 36-37; external 

 anatomy 9-10; gastrula 34; in- 

 ternal anatomy 10-12 



Amphiplatyan vertebra 76 



Ampulla, ear: elasmobranchs 306; 

 Necturus 319 



Ampullae of Lorenzini 302 



Analogy 3-4 



Anamniota, definition of 8 



Ankle. See Tarsus 



Ankylosis, definition of 94 



Ansa, definition of 33s 



Ansa subclavia 334 



Anterior cardinal vein: development 

 of 203; dogfish 208; mammal 269; 

 Necturus 225, 227; pigeon 247; 

 skate 211; turtle 240 



Anterior chamber, eye 305, 349 



Anterior vena cava. See Precaval 



Antibrachium 88. See further under 

 Fore limb 



Anura: classification of 7; coelom 

 150, 196; pectoral girdle 90; 

 sternum 90; vertebral column 59 



Aorta: development of 202-3; mam- 

 mal 248, 257, 260-64; pigeon 244, 

 245; turtle 235. See further under 

 Dorsal aorta and Ventral aorta 



Aortic arches: development of 202-3; 

 elasmobranchs 2 14-18 ; mammal 

 267-69; Necturus 226-27, 229; 

 pigeon 247; turtle 235-37, 240 



Aponeurosis, definition of 136 



Apophyses, definition of 62 



Aqueduct, brain: elasmobranchs 318; 

 mammal 357; turtle 327 



Aqueous humor 305, 349 



Arachnoid 341, 353 



Arbor vitae: mammal 357; pigeon 

 333 



Arcade: infratemporal 1 13 ; supra- 

 temporal 112 



Arch of aorta: mammal 257; pigeon 

 245 



Arcualia 59-61, 69; alligator 71; 

 Stegocephala 64; sturgeon 63-64 



Area acustica 354 



Armadillo: classification of 7; exo- 

 skeleton 55 



Arterial ligament: mammal 260, 269; 

 turtle 236, 240 



Arterial system: development of 

 202-3; elasmobranchs 214-21; 

 mammal 257-64; Necturus 226-28; 

 pigeon 244-46; turtle 235-38 



Artery, definition of 200 



Arytenoid cartilages: mammal 187; 

 Necturus 171; pigeon 178; turtle 



Ascending vena cava. See Postcaval 



Astragalus 84 



Atlas 69, 70, 71, 73-74 



Auditory nerve, 360: elasmobranchs 



314; mammal 355; Necturus 321; 



pigeon 332; turtle 326 

 Auditory tube 162,301: mammal 186; 



pigeon 177; turtle 175, 324 

 Auricle : elasmobranch 207 , 2 2 r ; 



mammal 24S, 265-66; Necturus, 



222, 229; pigeon 241, 246; turtle 



230, 238 

 Auricular appendage 248 

 Axes of body 1 

 Axilla 135 

 Axillary artery: cat 259; pigeon 244; 



rabbit 258; turtle 235-36 

 Axillary fossa 135 

 Axillary vein: cat 254-55; rabbit 



251; turtle 234 

 Axis, vertebral column 70, 71. 74 

 Azygos vein: cat 253; development 



of 269; rabbit 251 



Balanoglossus: classification of 6 ; 

 external anatomy 14 



Basal plate, of skull 97: elasmo- 

 branchs 98; Necturus in 



Basalia: pectoral fins 89; pelvic fins 

 80 



Basals. See Basalia 



Basidorsal, definition of 59, 60 



Basiventral, definition of 59, 60 



Bicuspid valve 266 



Bilateral symmetry 2 



Bile duct 163: elasmobranch 164; 

 mammal 191, 192; Necturus 170; 

 pigeon 183; turtle 163 



Birds: exoskeleton 25, 52-54; .ex- 

 ternal anatomy 25-27; fore limb 

 92; hind limb 83; pectoral girdle 



91; pelvic girdle 82-83; sternum 



gr-92; vertebral column 72-73. 



See further under Pigeon 

 Blastocoel 3 2 

 Blastoderm 34, 36 

 Blastopore 34, 36 

 Blastula 32: amniotes 34; Amphibia 



32; Amphioxus 32 

 Blood: definition of 200; origin of 201 

 Blood-vascular system 200 

 Body cavity. See Coelom 

 Bone 58 



Bony labyrinth 352 

 Bowfin. See Amia 

 Bowman's capsule 275 

 Brachial artery: cat 25a; Necturus 



228; pigeon 244; rabbit 258 

 Brachial plexus: definition of 299; 



dogfish 301-2; mammal 335-37; 



Necturus 319; pigeon 328; skate 



302; turtle 322 

 Brachial vein: cat 255; Necturus 225; 



pigeon 243; rabbit 252; skate 211; 



turtle 234 

 Brachiocephalic artery: cat 258-60; 



pigeon 244-45; rabbit 257-58; 



turtle 235-36 

 Brachiocephalic vein: cat 254-55 

 Bfachium 87. See under Fore limb 

 Brain: definition of 2g6; development 



of 296-97; elasmobranchs 307-9; 



functions of 358-59; mammal 352- 



59; Necturus 319-21; parts of 296- 



97,359-6o; pigeon 330-31, 332-33; 



turtle 324-25, 327 

 Branchia. See Gill 

 Branchiostegal membrane 20, 21, 22 

 Branchiostegal rays 20 

 Breastbone. See Sternum 

 Bronchus: mammal 189, 266; pigeon 



183; turtle 176 

 B uccal nerve : elasmobranchs 312, 



313; Necturus 321 

 Bulbourethral gland 291 

 Bulbus arteriosus: definition of 226; 



Necturus 222, 226 

 Bursa of Fabricius 287 



Caecum: definition of 161; mammal 

 193; pigeon 182; turtle 174 



Calcaneus 84 



Canals of lateral line system: elasmo- 

 branchs 302-3; Necturus 319 



Canals of Lorenzini 302 



Canine teeth 125 



Capillary, definition of 200 



Capitulum: of humerus g3I of rib 6g, 



71, 75 



Capsules of sense organs 97= 104-5 



Carapace 25, 51 



Cardia 190 



Cardiac nerve 334- 337 



Cardiac plexus 337 



Carina 91, 92 



Carotid artery: elasmobranchs 217- 

 18; mammal 259-60; Necturus 227; 

 pigeon 244-45; turtle 235-36 



Carpales 88 



Carpus 88: bird 92; mammal 94; 

 turtle 91 



Cartilage bone 57-58 



Cartilage bones of skull 103-5 



Cat: arterial system 257, 258-00, 

 262-64; brain 352-59; circulatory 

 system 248-66; classification of y, 

 coelom 187-90, 196-98; cranial 

 nerves 334, 337, 338, 342-48; 

 digestive tract 183-86, 189-94; ex- 

 ternal anatomy 27-29; fore limb 



373 



