376 



LABORATORY MANUAL FOR VERTEBRATE ANATOMY 



Hindbrain. See Rhombencephalon 



Hippocampus, 357, 358 



Holoblastic cleavage 33 



Homocercal tail 20, 68 



Homodont 116 



Homology 3 



Homonomy 2 



Humerus 88. See Fore limb 



Hyoid apparatus : alligator 115; 



mammal 126, 186-87; pigeon 



177-78; turtle 115-16, 175 

 Hyoid arch 100, 105: bones derived 



from 105 ; elasmobranch 100; 



Necturus 111-12 

 Hyoidean artery 217-18 

 Hyomandibular 100, 105; as stapes 



120 

 Hyomandibular nerve 307, 313 

 Hypobranchial nerve 316 

 Hypogastric vein. See Internal iliac 



vein 

 Hypoglossal nerve 361: mammal 334, 



343-44, 355J pigeon 332; turtle 



326, 327 

 Hypomere 3g, 41; derivatives of 44 

 Hypophysis 161, 35g; elasmobranch 



317; mammal 350, 354; Necturus 



321; turtle 327 

 Hypothalamus 359: elasmobranch 



318; mammal 356; turtle 327 

 Hypural bone 68 



Ichihyopsida, definition of 8 



Ileocolic valve ig4 



Ileum 161, 193 



Iliac artery: Necturus 228; turtle 

 237-38 



Iliac vein: dogfish 209; pigeon 243; 

 skate 211; turtle 231-32 



Ilium 79. Sec Pelvic girdle 



Incisor 125 



Inferior cervical ganglion: mammal 

 334; turtle 322 



Inferior lobes, of brain 317 



Inferior mesenteric artery: dogfish 

 219; mammal 263; pigeon 245, 

 246; skate 220; turtle 237 



Inferior mesenteric ganglion 338 



Inferior mesenteric vein: cat 250; 

 pigeon 242, 243; rabbit 249 



Infra -orbital gland -r84, 345, 346, 348 



Infra -orbital nerve 305, 312 



Infraspinous fossa 93 



Infratemporal fossa 112 



Infundibulum, of brain 35g: elasmo- 

 branch3i7; mammal354; Necturus 

 321; pigeon 332; turtle 317 



Inguinal canal 290 



Inguinal ligament 135 



Inguinal region 135 



Innominate artery. See Brachio- 

 cephalic artery 



Innominate bone: birds 82; mammals 

 83 



Insertion, of muscle 131, 136 



Interauricular septum: mammal 265; 

 Necturus 229; pigeon 246; turtle 

 238 



Intercalary arch 61, 65 



Interclavicle 87, 88. See Pectoral 

 girdle 



Interdorsal 50, 60 



Interhaemal arch 61 



Intermedium 79, 88. See under Limbs 



Internal carotid artery '■ mammal 

 2 59.354; Necturus 227; pigeon 245 



Internal ear 300-301,361: develop- 

 ment of 300-301; elasmobranch 

 305-6; function 306; mammal 

 352; Necturus 319; pigeon 330; 

 turtle 324, 326 



Internal iliac artery: mammal 263-64; 

 pigeon 246; turtle 232 



Internal iliac vein: mammal 264-65; 

 pigeon 243; turtle 232 



Internal jugular vein 271; cat 255; 

 Necturus 225, 227; rabbit 252, 253; 

 turtle 234 



Interorbital septum : pigeon 3 29; 

 turtle 3 23 



Interventral 5g, 60 



Interventricular septum: pigeon 329; 

 turtle 239 



Intervertebral foramen 76 



Intestine 161, 163: elasmobranch 164- 

 65 ; mamm al 192-94 ; Necturus 

 169-70; pigeon 181-82; turtle 



174-75 



Intratarsal joint: birds83; reptiles82 



Invagination, definition of 34, 36 



Involution, definition of 36 



Iris 300: development of 300; elasmo- 

 branch 305; mammal 349; pigeon 

 330 



Ischium 79. See Pelvic girdle 



Isolecithal, definition of 31 



Isthmus, of fauces 186 



Jaw 105-7: alligator 113, 115; dog- 

 fish 9g-ioo; mammal 118-19, 124; 

 membrane bones of 107, 108; 

 Necturus no, nr 



Jugular ganglion 332 



Jugular vein: Necturus 225; pigeon 

 242-43 



Kidneys 273-76, 294; development of 

 273; dogfish 208, 280-81; mammal 

 190, 288; Necturus i6g, 223, 284; 

 pigeon 243, 287; skate 211, 282; 

 turtle 232, 285 



Kneecap. See Patella 



Lacrimal gland: cat 348; pigeon 329; 



rabbit 346; turtle 323 

 Lamprey: classification of 6; external 



anatomy 14-15; internal anatomy 



15-16 

 Larynx rgg: cartilages of 105; mam- 

 mal 186-87; Necturus 171; pigeon 



178; turtle 175-76 

 Lateral column, spinal cord 297 

 Lateral line canals: dogfish 302-3; 



skate 303 

 Lateral line nerve: elasmobranch 314; 



Neclurus 321 

 Lateral line system: dogfish 302-3; 



Necturus 319; skate 303 

 Lens: development of 300; elasmo- 

 branch 305; mammal 349; pigeon 



330; turtle 323 

 Lepidosleus : classification of 6 ; 



external anatomy 21; scales 49; 



skull 102-3 

 Ligament of Botallus. See Arterial 



ligament 

 Ligaments: of digestive tract. See 



Mesenteries; of testis 289; of 



uterus 289 

 Limbs 27-28, 79, 86, 87-88: bird 26, 



83 , 92 ; endoskeleton of 79, 86, 



87-88; lizard 24; mammal 27-28, 



84-85, 93-94; Necturus 23, 81, 90; 



origin of 78-79; position of 23, 24, 



26, 27- 28; torsion of 23, 24, 26, 



27 28; turtle 25, 81-82, 91; 



urodeles 81, go 

 Linea alba 129 

 Liver 163, 195-96, 204: development 



of 163, 195-96, elasmobranch 164; 



mammal 190, 191-92; Necturus 



169, 170; pigeon 181; turtle 173 

 Lizard: classification of 7; external 



anatomy 23-24; jaw 108; pectoral 



girdle 88; scales 23, 50-51 

 Lorenzini: ampullae 302; canals 302 

 Lumbosacral plexus: dogfish 301-2; 



mammal 339-40; Necturus 319; 



pigeon 328; skate 302; turtle 322 

 Lung 162-63, 196-97, 199: mammal 



188, 189; Necturus 169, 170, 171; 



pigeon 183; turtle 176 

 Lymph 201 



Lymphatic system 2oo-2or 

 Lymph glands 200; of intestine 194 

 Lymph hearts 200 

 Lymph nodules ig4 

 Lymphocytes 200 



Malleolus 83, 84 



Malpighian body 275 



Mammalia: circulatory system 248- 

 70; coelom 159, 187-go, igo-98; 

 digestive, system 183-86, 189- 

 94; exoskeleton 54~55; external 

 anatomy 27-29; fore limb 93-94; 

 hind limb 84-85; muscular system 

 133-57; nervous system 333~5Q; 

 pectoral girdle 88, 92-93; pelvic 

 girdle 83-84; respiratory system 

 186-88; ribs 75; skull 116-26; 

 sternum 93 ; urogenital system 288- 

 92; vertebral column 73-76. See 

 also under Cat and Rabbit 



Mammary glands T35 



Mammillary body: elasmobranch 

 318; mammal 354, 358 



Mandible. See Jaw 



Mandibular arch gg-100, 105, 107 



Mandibular foramen 125 



Mandibular fossa 118 



Mandibular nerve: elasmobranch 

 312; mammal 344-45 ; Necturus 

 320-21; pigeon 331-32; turtle 

 32b, 326 



Marsupialia: classification of 7; 

 oviducts 278-79 



Maxillary nerve: elasmobranch 312; 

 mammal 345, 346, 348; Neclurus 

 3 20-2 1 ; pigeon 33 1-32 ; turtle 

 325. 326 



Meatus, of nose 350 



Meckel's cartilage 99, 105, 107; alli- 

 gator 115; elasmobranch 99-100; 

 Necturus in 



Mediastinal septum 188, 197 



Mediastinum 188, 189 



Medulla oblongata 297, 360: elasmo- 

 branch 308-9, 317-18; mammal 

 353-54; Neclurus 320; pigeon 331; 

 turtle 324-25 



Medullary velum 353, 357 



Membrane bones: definition of 57-58; 

 of ganoids 101- 3 ; of pectoral girdle 

 87-88; of skull 100-103, 105-7. 

 See also under Skull and Pectoral 

 girdle 



Membranes of brain. See Meninges 



Membranous labyrinth. See Internal 

 ear 



Meninges: elasmobranch 307; mam- 

 mal 341, 353-54; Necturus 320; 

 pigeon 330; turtle 324 



Mental foramen 124 



Meroblastic development 31: cleav- 

 age 34; egg 31; gastrula 36; later 

 • development 39-41 



Mesencephalon 297, 360; elasmo- 

 branch3o8; mammal353; Necturus 

 320; pigeon 331;. turtle 353 



Mesenchyme: definition of 42; prod- 

 ucts of 44 



Mesenteries 158 166; definition of 

 158,166; development of 39,40, 43; 

 elasmobranchs 165-66; mammal 

 igo-94; Necturus 169-70; pigeon 

 180-82; turtle 173-76 



Mesoblastic somite 39, 41 



Mesocardia 158, 202 



Mesoderm: development of 36, 37- 

 38, 39, 41-44 



Mesomere: derivatives of 43-44; 

 development of 30, 41, 43-44; in 

 formation of kidneys 273-76 



Mesonephric duct 275, 276, 2gs: 

 dogfish 281, 283; mammal 292; 

 Necturus 284; pigeon 287; skate 

 282, 283; turtle 286 



Mesonephros 274-75, 295: dogfish 

 280; mammal 292; Necturus 284; 

 skate 282; turtle 286 



Mesopterygiuni 89 



Metacarpals 88. See Fore limb 



Metacromion process 93 



Metamere 2 



Metamerism 2 



Metanephric duct. See Ureter 



Metanephros 276, 294: mammal 288; 

 pigeon 2S7; turtle 285, 286 



