INDEX 



377 



Melapterygium 80, 89 

 Metatarsals 79. See Hind limb 

 Metencephalon 297. See Cerebellum 

 Midbrain. See Mesencephalon 

 Middle cervical ganglion: mammal 



334; turtle 322 

 Middle ear 30, 301 , 361: development 

 of 301; lizard 23; mammal 351-52; 

 pigeon 25, 330; turtle 24, 323-24- 

 See also Tympanic cavity 

 Mitral valve: mammal 266; pigeon 



246 

 Molar gland 184 

 Molar teeth 125 

 Molgula 12, 13 

 Monodelphia 7, 279 

 Monotremata: classification of 7; 



oviducts 278; pectoral girdle 88 

 Motor, definition of 297-98 

 Mouth cavity. See Oral cavity 

 Mullerian duct. See Oviduct 

 Muscles: development of 43, 128; 

 epaxial 128; hypaxial 128; inser- 

 tion 131; involuntary 128; origin 

 131; parietal 12S; parts of 135; 

 somatic 1 28 ; visceral 1 28, 1 29; 

 voluntary 128 

 Muscles, of eye. See Eye muscles 

 Muscles, of mammals: acromio- 

 trapezius 147 ; adductor femoris 

 154; adductor longus 153, 154; 

 adductor magnus 155; anconeus 

 150; basioclavicularis 140; biceps 

 brachii 150; biceps femoris 151, 

 153; brachialis 150; caudofemoralis 

 153; cephalobrachial 142; clavo- 

 brachialis 142; clavodeltoid 140; 

 clavotrapezius 142, 147; cleido- 

 mastoid 140, 141; cutaneous 

 maximusi34; deltoid 140, 145, 148; 

 depressor conchae posterior 140; 

 digastric 141, 142; extensor anti- 

 brachii 150; extensor digitorum 

 longus 155, 156; extensor hallucis 

 longus 155; external oblique 135- 

 36, 137; flexor digitorum longus 

 155. i57; gastrocnemius 155, 156; 

 geniohyoid 142; gluteus m'aximus 

 151, i53'> gluteus medius 152, 153; 

 gracilis 152, 154; iliocostalis 146, 

 149; iliopsoas 339; infraspinatus 

 145, 148; intercostals 146, 149; 

 internal oblique 137; la tissimus 

 dorsi 136, 144, 147; levator scapu- 

 lae 148; levator scapulae ventralis 



144, 147; longissimus 146, 149; 

 masseter 140, 142; multifidus 137; 

 mylohyoid 141, 142; panniculus 

 carnosus 134; pectoantibrachialis 

 139; pectoralis major 139; pec- 

 toralis minor 139; pectoralis primus 

 139; peroneus 155, 156; plantaris 

 155, 156; platysma 134-35. r 4o; 

 psoas minor 339; quadriceps 

 femoris 152, 154; rectus abdominis 

 137; rectus femoris 1*52, 154; 

 rhomboideus 144, 147; rbomboideus 

 capitis 145, 147; sacrospinalis 137; 

 sartorius 152, 154; scalenes 145 , 

 149; semimembranosus 153, 154; 

 semispinalis dorsi 146, 149; semi- 

 tendinosus 153, 155; serratus 

 dorsalis 146, 149; serratus ventralis 



145, 148; soleus 155, 156; splenius 

 144, 147; spinotrapezius 147; 

 sternohyoid 140, 141; sternomas- 

 toid 141, 142; sternothyroid 141, 

 142; subscapularis 145, 148; supra- 

 spinatus 144, 148; temporal 142; 

 tensor fasciae latae 151, 153; 

 tenuissimus 155; teres major 145, 

 148; teres minor 145, 148; thyro- 

 hyoid 141, 143; tibialis anterior 

 155, 156; tibialis posterior 157; 

 transverse 137; trapezius 144, 145, 

 147, 148; triceps brachii 150; 

 vastus intermedius 152, 154; vas- 

 tus lateralis 152, 154; vastus 

 medialis 152, 154; xiphihumeralis 

 139 



Muscular system 128: dogfish 128-30; 

 mammal 133-57; Necturus 130-33; 

 pigeon 179-80 



Myeloncephalon 297. See Medulla 

 oblongata 



Myocomma, definition of 43, 129 



Myoseptum 43, i2g 



Myotome 43 , 128: A mpkioxus 9 ; 

 dogfish 129; head 299-300; Nec- 

 turus 130 



Nares: alligator 112, 113; elasmo- 

 branch 303; lizard 23; mammal 26, 

 117-18; Necturus 22, 171; pigeon 

 25, 177; turtle 24, 175 



Nasal cavities 300, 361: elasmo- 

 branch 303 ; mammal 349-50; 

 Necturus 319; pigeon 329; turtle 

 323 



Nasopalatine duct 185 



Nasopharynx 186 



Necturus: arterial, system 226-28; 

 chondrocranium 11 1; circulatory 

 system 222-30; classification of 

 7; coelom 139; digestive system 

 168-71; external anatomy 22-23; 

 fore limb 90; gill arches in, 112; 

 heart 222, 228-29; hind limb 81; 

 jaws no, in; mesenteries 169-70; 

 muscular system 130-33; nervous 

 system 318-21; pectoral girdle 

 89-00; pelvic girdle 80-81; respira- 

 tory system 171; ribs 69; skull 

 107-12; urogenital system 283-84; 

 venous system 222-26; vertebral 

 column 68-69 



Nephrostome 273, 275 



Nephrotome 39, 4r 



Nervous system 296-361: develop- 

 ment of 296-97, 359-61; elasmo- 

 branchs 301-18; functional com- 

 ponents 297-98; mammal 333-59; 

 Necturus 318-21; parts of 296; 

 pigeon 328-33; summary 359-61; 

 turtle 321-28 



Neural arch 60, 61. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural canal 60, 65. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural crest 296, 



Neural folds 36, 38 



Neural spine 60, 61. See Vertebral 

 column 



Neural tube, development of 36, 38, 

 296-97 



Neuromere 299-300 



Nodosal ganglion 343 



Nose. See Nasal cavities 



Notocentrous vertebra 69 



Notochord 5: development of 37, 39; 

 in skull 96-98; in vertebral column 

 59-61, 63, 65 



Oblique septum isg, 181, 196, 199 



Obturator foramen: bird82; mammal 

 84; turtle 81 



Occipital condyle g8, 117 



Occipital nerves 315 



Occipital region of skull 104: alli- 

 gator 114; mammal ng; Necturus 

 iog 



Oculomotor nerve 360: cat, 348, 354! 

 elasmobranch 308, 310-11;^ Nec- 

 turus 320; pigeon 331; rabbit 346- 

 47, 354; turtle 325 „. 



Odontoid process: alligator 71; 

 mammal 74; turtle 72 



Olecranon: bird 92; mammal 93 



Olfactory bulb: elasmobranch 307; 

 mammal 353, 354, 358 



Olfactory capsule g7, 104-5: alligator 

 115; mammal 121-22; Necturus, 

 in; in development of skull 97, 

 104-5. See also Nasal cavi- 

 ties 



Olfactory fossa of skull 351 



Olfactory lobe: elasmobranch 307; 

 Necturus 320; pigeon 331-32; 

 turtle 324, 358 



Olfactory nerve 360: elasmobranch 

 307, 309-10; mammal 353; Nec- 

 turus 320; pigeon 329, 331; turtle 

 325 



Olfactory sacs: development of 300, 

 361; elasmobranch 303. See also 

 Nasal cavities 



Olfactory tract: elasmobranch 307; 

 mammal 354 



Omentum, greater: igo, 191, 198 



Omentum, lesser: 166, 191 



Operculum 20 



Ophthalmic nerve 360: cat 348-49; 

 elasmobranch 307 , 3 1 1-1 2 , 313 ; 

 Necturus 320-21; pigeon 329, 

 331-32; rabbit 347; turtle 323, 

 325-56 



Opisthocoelous 76 



OpLic capsule 97, 105 



Optic chiasma: elasmobranch 317; 

 mammal354; Necturus 321; pigeon 

 332; turtle 327 



Optic lobes: elasmobranch 308, 318; 

 mammal 353; Necturus 320; pigeon 

 331; turtle 324 



Optic nerve 360: cat 348; elasmo- 

 branch 305, 310; Necturus 320; 

 pigeon 331; rabbit 347; turtle 325 



Optic pedicel 98, 305 



Optic tract: elasmobranch 317; mam- 

 mal 356, 358; pigeon 332 



Oral cavity: elasmobranch 167-68; 

 mammal 183-85; Necturus 171; 

 pigeon 176-77; turtle 175 



Oral glands 161: mammal 183-84 



Orbit, definition of 90. See under 

 Skull 



Orbital fossa 117 



Origin, of muscle 131, 136 



Ossification 58, 103 



Ostium, of oviduct 278: dogfish 281; 

 mammal 289; Necturus 284; pigeon 

 287; skate 281; turtle 284 



Ostrich, sternum 92 



Otic capsule g7, 104: alligator 114; 

 mammal 120; Necturus 109-10 



Otolith 306, 319 



Ovary 278: dogfish 280; mammal 

 28g; Necturus 283; pigeon 286; 

 skate 28r; turtle 284 



Oviducal gland 282 



Oviduct 278-79: dogfish 280-81; 

 mammal 278-79, 28g; Necturus 

 283-84; pigeon 286, 287; skate 

 281-82; turtle 284 



Palate 118, ng: mammal 184-85; 

 pigeon 176-77 



Palatoquadrate cartilage. See Ptery- 

 goquadrate cartilage 



Pallium: pigeon 333; turtle 327 



Pancreas 163, 199: elasmobranch 

 164; mammal 192; Necturus 169, 

 170; pigeon 182; turtle 174 



Papillae, of tongue 185 



Papillary muscles 266 



Parachordal 97: bones derived from 

 ro4 



Paraphysis 297, -318: elasmobranch 

 318; Necturus 320; turtle 324 



Parathyroids 162 



Parietal peritoneum 158, 166, 190, 197 



Parotid gland 141, 184 



Patella: bird 83; mammal 84 



Pecten, of eye 330 



Pectoral artery 244 



Pectoral fin: elasmobranch 89; 

 Polyplerus 89 



Pectoral girdle 78-79, 86-87: birds 

 91; elasmobranch 88-89; frog 90; 

 mammals 92-93; membrane bones 

 0187; origin of 79; parts of 86-87; 

 reptiles 90-91; urodeles 89-90 



Pectoral vein 242 



Peduncles of cerebellum : elasmo- 

 branch 308; mammal 354. 355, 



Pelvic fin: elasmobranchs 18, 19, 80 



Pelvic girdle 78-79: birds 82, 83; 



elasmobranchs 79~8o; mammals 



