DISEASES OP THE BLOOD. 63 



semi-transparent granules, which realise all the appearances 

 of granular phthisis, but they accumulate towards the base of 

 the pulmonary lobes and becomemore and more rare towards 

 the apices, the reverse being the case in true phthisis. 

 " The ova or embryos arrested in the fine arterioles become 

 the starting-point of a nodular arteritis, combining in its 

 structure all the characters which, since the days of Koester, 

 have been assigned to the elementary follicles of tuberculosis. 

 There is found, in fact, in the centre of each nodular mass 

 an ovum or an embryo embedded in a giant-cell. The 

 latter is surrounded by a more or less abundant circle of 

 epithelial cells, as well as an external embryonic zone, 

 which frequently tends to become fibrous." In fact the 

 ova or embryos have given rise to just such lesions as 

 Would be presented in a true tubercle the result of the 

 bacillus of Koch ; detection of the latter in a nodule is the 

 only exact method of diagnosis of tubercle. In dogs we 

 find nodular disease, developed in some puppies, acquired 

 in others, which stunts their growth and keeps them in an 

 unthrifty, emaciated state. This is especially found as a 

 hereditary derangement in very small terriers, pugs, and 

 other toy breeds which are bred to the smallest possible 

 size to suit the fancy of purchasers. Breeding in and in 

 is supposed to be a special influence at work to induce 

 nutritive derangements in such cases. The hereditary and 

 congenital tendency to disease is liable to be excited by 

 want of exercise and sufficient food, use of contaminated 

 or bad milk, damp dwellings, and exposure to cold. In 

 some cases the little wizened pup seems to " run all to 

 belly," and to be preternaturally sharp, and with a pinched 

 expression ; his coat is harsh, mucous membranes pallid, 

 bowels irregular ; he suffers much from thirst, and his nose 

 is often dry and hot. Post-mortem examination will show 

 a tabid state of the mesenteric glands ; an enlarged, indu- 

 rated condition by which they are rendered quite unfit to 

 bring about the changes in the chyle necessary to render 

 it nutritious. In other cases cough, foetid breath, liability 

 to disturbances in respiration, and a tendency to diarrhoea 

 are present, and lung disorder is found after death. 



