80 THE DISEASES OP THE DOG. 



host might lead us to anticipate. We continue to quote 

 from Manson's paper : 



" I believe there are three serious morbid conditions 

 produced by Filaria sanguinolenta : 



"1. Stricture of the oesophagus, more or less complete. 

 This most frequently occurs when several large tumours 

 are formed, especially when they are grouped together 

 near the cardiac end of the tube, the most frequent 

 locality. Eegurgitation of food and slow starvation will 

 be the consequence, unless the tumours diminish in 

 size by the escape of their contents or death of the 

 filarise. 



" 2. Pleurisy. — This is not uncommon in dogs here, and, 

 I think, is often caused by the bursting into the pleura of 

 a tumour which does not find vent for its contents by 

 opening in the usual way into the oesophagus or aorta. 

 I have found very distinct evidence of this occurrence in 

 one instance. In it worms were found crawling about 

 amongst recent adhesions in the serous cavity. 



" 3. Paralysis of the hind legs. — This is also common 

 here, and is, I believe, caused by plugging of the capil- 

 laries of the spinal cord by ova escaping into the aorta. 

 The brain is not affected, as the filaria tumours are seldom, 

 if ever, situated on the cardiac side of the arteries proceed- 

 ing to the head. Other affections are doubtless produced 

 by the ova in the intestine, kidneys, and other viscera, but 

 I have no knowledge of them or information to offer on 

 this very interesting and important point." 



In the blood of man (in about 8 per cent, individuals in 

 Amoy) a filaria is found, and may possibly be a cause of 

 stricture of the oesophagus. There are some important 

 anatomical differences between the human and canine 

 hsematozoon. 



It is commonly supposed in China that dogs get worms 

 in the heart from drinking the water of stagnant pools 

 about the settlement, and worms in all respects resembling 

 Fil. immitis have been found in rain water. After attain- 

 ing a length of about three and a half inches they dis- 

 appear, and the water becomes putrid and swarms with 



