82 THE DISEASES OF THE DOG. 



CHAPTER V.— DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATOR"? 

 SYSTEM. 



Introduction. — In accordance with the large size of the 

 circulatory apparatus and the activity of most of the vital 

 processes in the dog, we find the lungs and air passages 

 well developed. "We have also reason to believe that in 

 all the carnivora the lungs are very active organs of 

 excretion. High development and great functional activity 

 entail frequent disease of parts, and so we find that the 

 dog is very liable to derangements of the respiratory 

 organs. But it is to be remarked that, in accordance with 

 the mode of life, disorders of the lungs range themselves 

 in two classes, the acute inflammatory, to which greyhounds 

 and other dogs of speed are liable, and the degenerative, 

 which attack the pampered pets of the boudoir. To these 

 may be added a third class, parasitic, our knowledge of 

 which is due to the researches of Dr. Osier of Montreal, 

 Laulanie' of Toulouse, and Rivolta of Turin. We are not 

 aware of it having been recorded as occurring in England, 

 but it seems frequent in the south of Europe. 



Of the Nasal Chambers and their Accessories. — 

 Anatomy and Physiology. — The anterior nostrils are 

 guarded by moveable boundaries the basis of which is a 

 complex cartilage which is very thin and flexible. The 

 skin of this part of the body is thick, highly glandular, 

 free from hair, and in health is moist and cool. A more 

 or less marked channel runs from the centre down to the 

 upper lip. The nasal chambers are small, but vary much 

 in relative development in the different breeds ; their tur- 

 binated bones are small but complex ; the ethmoid cells, 

 on the contrary, are very well developed and complicated. 

 The sinuses are very small, being practically limited to a 

 frontal cavity. It must be remembered that the mouth is 



