86 THE DISEASES OP THE DOG. 



air. The pentastOme is said to take twelve months in 

 development, and during this time the host suffers from 

 coryza, and, in the event of death, the effects of long- 

 standing inflammation of the Schneiderian membrane will 

 be found on post-mortem examination. 



Treatment comprises inhalations of chlorine, chloro- 

 form, or tobacco smoke, also various injections into the 

 nostrils, and trephining. 



Polypus in the Nostril is a tumour of mucous mem- 

 brane with more or less fibrous tissue ; it hangs into the 

 nasal cavity and may be visible from the exterior or extend 

 back into the pharynx. It gives rise to slight ozsena and 

 to stertorous breathing. Occasionally there is some 

 bleeding in full stream from the nostrils. "When possible 

 it must be removed by ligature or excision. Gohier 

 records two cases detected by resistance to the passage 

 of a gum sound. Gourdon says, " Pass a thread by means 

 of a Belloc's sound on one side of the tumour through the 

 pharynx and into the mouth; then passing the sound to 

 the other side of the tumour draw out the thread through 

 the nostril and saw away the rest of the polypus with a 

 concealed saw." 



Snortmg is sometimes a habit, but often it indicates a 

 low form of congestion of the lining membrane of the 

 nostrils, in which case astringent injections may remove it. 



Bpistaxis, bleeding from the nostrils, occasionally occurs 

 in plethoric dogs during hot weather, and especially in 

 tropical countries ; it may also result from a blow on the 

 head. Cold water applications and quietude will soon 

 cause it to cease. 



Of the Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi : Diseases of 

 the Air Passages. — In anatomical conformation these 

 parts present nothing of special importance as bearing on 

 pathology and surgery. The cartilages are well developed, 

 and very liable to undergo calcareous change; each tracheal 

 ring has its extremities widely apart superiorly. The 

 passages in general are wide open and well developed to 

 admit the free entry and exit of air. 



Cough, which is generally an indication of disease 



