ON THE DISORDERS OF THE DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 181 



cially, the contents being bowels, horns ®f uterus, or 

 bladder. Hill, in the 'Veterinary Journal,' vol. vii, p. 236, 

 relates a most interesting successful case of operative 

 interference in double inguinal hernia, the contents of one 

 sac being the bowel, those of the other bowel and bladder. 

 Vol. i, p. 62, of the same periodical contains an interesting 

 case by Priederberger of similar character but fatal result 

 of operative interference under chloroform. Death was 

 attributed to commencing septicaemia, and disturbance of 

 the circulation through the brain and lungs, due to too 

 prompt return of the organs, both sides having been 

 operated on simultaneously. I have to hand an inter- 

 esting specimen of Ventral Hernia in which the uterus 

 constitutes the protruding organ. These accidents almost 

 always result from injury, and must be treated on ordinary 

 surgical principles ; prolapsus and invagination are, how- 

 ever, the forms of intestinal ectopia most frequently seen 

 in the dog. 



Worms in the Bowels. — The intestines are the frequent 

 abode of animals of numerous species belonging to the 

 genera Nematoda and Oestoda, commonly known as round- 

 and tape-worms. It is natural to these worms to live there, 

 but sometimes a source of much discomfort to the dog and 

 animals associated with him. The discomfort to the 

 animal himself is caused by the activity of the parasites 

 in • pursuit of their everyday occupations, seldom by the 

 mechanical ill-effects of their presence. We have seen 

 that the dog is as a rule of high nervous organisation j 

 this renders him liable to reflex paralysis, cough, and 

 convulsions from irritation caused by worms in the bowels. 

 More often, however, the manifestations are those which 

 follow mild stimulation of the lining membrane of the 

 bowels persistent to a disordering degree. Depraved 

 appetite and unthriftiness, a harsh unhealthy state of the 

 skin, loss of hair, progressive anaemia, irregularity of the 

 bowels, the faeces offensive, slimy, and infested with para- 

 sites. There is generally a certain amount of irritation of 

 the anus, which renders the animal fond of licking that part 

 or dragging it along the ground. Sometimes the worms 



