132 the: diseases of the dog. 



migrate from the bowel into the stomach, and are expelled 

 by vomition. In other cases persistent diarrhoea and obsti- 

 nate indigestion may be traced to the presence of worms, or 

 the growth of young animals may be checked in spite of 

 the consumption of an extraordinary amount of food. 

 The " worms " most frequently seen in the faeces of the 

 dog are actively moving shortly after expulsion, and look 

 like small round worms. They are known in kennels as 

 "maw-worms," and are really mature segments of tape- 

 worms full of eggs ready to be hatched. Those worms 

 which are expelled by vomition are round, and the same 

 (Ascaris marginata) as have already been mentioned under 

 the heading " Worms in the Stomach." They sometimes 

 migrate even farther, and cases have been known in 

 which they have caused death by entering into the air- 

 passages ; such an occurrence is, of course, very rare. 

 Because an animal which has died in convulsions or para- 

 lysed is found to have a worm in his bowels this is by no 

 means the only possible cause of death, indeed we should 

 examine most' carefully for all Other possible causes, 

 remembering that the presence of even a number of worms 

 in the bowels is quite compatible with robust health. 

 Either these worms prefer to inhabit young animals, or, 

 as they cause disease more often in young than in old, we 

 are apt to consider them most liable to affect puppies j 

 the latter is the most probable. We are by no means 

 well informed about the life-history of round- worms, many 

 of them probably require no intermediary bearer, and it is 

 certain that they appear in animals which live with infested 

 dogs. Even milk-drinking puppies shortly after birth 

 have been found to have round- worms in their stomachs. 

 From this we learn that such worms and the fasces of 

 dogs having them ought to be burned. Santonin is the 

 vermifuge best adapted for the removal of these worms, 

 given in doses of three to five grains. Dr. Cobbold 

 introduced it into canine practice ; he insists that it 

 should be given with, a full dose of castor-oil and followed 

 by the exhibition of tonics, and that salt and water, car- 

 holic solutions, and bucketfuls of boiling water ought to 



