THE URINARY APPARATUS. 153 



CHAPTER VII.— THE URINARY APPARATUS. 



The kidneys of our domesticated carnivora are rounded 

 and reniform, unlobulated, and with a single elongated 

 papilla projecting into the central cavity of each. The 

 bladder has muscular walls of great thickness, so that 

 the urine is expelled with considerable force. It also 

 is got rid of frequently, is of a lighter colour and 

 stronger odour than that of herbivora, and contains no 

 hippuric acid. The urinary apparatus of the dog is rather 

 liable to calculous concretions, and Albuminous Nephritis, 

 true Bright's disease, has been found in him, and is pro- 

 bably more frequent than is generally supposed. Prof. 

 Axe, of the London School, exhibited a case of this dis- 

 order before the Central Veterinary Society, and described 

 the granular degeneration, cystic formations (from reten- 

 tion), fatty change, and other conditions characteristic of 

 the disease, which he found as well developed in the kidney 

 of the dog as of man. Mathis found in a case of this 

 disease in the dog, arteritis and periarteritis, sclerosis, 

 atrophy, and degeneration of the kidneys. The patient 

 was destroyed after a period of increasing debility following 

 endocarditis ; constipation, thirst, profuse urination, capri- 

 cious appetite, laziness, cries when moved, and inclination 

 to keep constantly near the fire were the principal sym- 

 ptoms in this case ( c Jnl. de Med. Vet. et de Zoot.') . The 

 detection of albumen in the urine is not an absolute 

 proof of the presence of this derangement, for it may 

 depend on the nature of the food. When in cases of 

 obscure marasmus the boiling and nitric tests show albu- 

 men present, Bright's disease of one or both of the kidneys 

 may be suspected and the animal considered incurable, 



