THE URINARY APPARATUS. 159 



prostate. Sometimes, also, it follows unrelieved urethi-al 

 obstruction by calculus. After the animal lias for some 

 time passed urine only drop by drop, and has seemed dis- 

 inclined to move, he shows the symptoms above enu- 

 merated as indicative of acute cystitis ; these are succeeded 

 by evident collapse, and the patient soon dies quietly. A 

 bloody fluid is found in the belly post mortem, the peri- 

 toneum is congested, and the bladder (especially its mucous 

 membrane) inflamed ; the walls are found more or less 

 rent. This lesion is, of course, incurable. 



Cystic Hernia is not rare, especially in the bitch, for 

 the neck of the bladder is rather long. It may be inguinal, 

 femoral, or ventral. The symptoms are not generally 

 acute, and the bladder is usually with other organs in 

 the sac. 



Stricture of the Neck of the Bladder and eversion of that 

 organ have not, to my knowledge, been recorded in canine 

 patients. 



Abnormal Urination occurs as an indication of disorder 

 of the urinary apparatus. Retention of urine is found in 

 urethral spasm or stricture, also in cases of prostatic dis- 

 ease and impacted calculus ; it is also seen in advanced 

 debility and paralysis, and the distension of the bladder 

 may be detected by manipulation of the belly. It must 

 not been confounded with suppression of urine, the com- 

 plete cessation of urine, production indicative of inflam- 

 matory disease of both kidneys, or scantiness of urine as 

 found in all fevers, and when one kidney only is inflamed. 

 Strangury is the painful expulsion of urine guttatim, and 

 not unfrequently that fluid is found intermingled with pus 

 or blood. It occurs in renitis, also in cystitis, and partial 

 obstruction of the urinary passage. Incontinence of urine 

 occurs specially in bitches in consequence of cystic calculus 

 or disease of the urino-genital passages. The constant 

 dribbling away of urine causes excoriation of the skin 

 over which it trickles. It has been known to tempo- 

 rarily result from prolonged retention of urine in a dog of 

 good habits shut up in a room for a long time (Youatt). 

 Tonics sufficed to check it in the case recorded. 



