THE GENERATIVE APPARATUS. 197 



run. If they be very soft and evidently recent, good may 

 result from alkaline injections into the milk-ducts, but 

 this is a difficult and tedious process and good very seldom 

 results from it. Mammitis may be produced by these 

 accumulations when they are left unattended to, and very 

 serious tumours of the gland may follow. Mammitis 

 results from injuries and from exposure during lactation, 

 in addition to the above-mentioned cause. It gives rise 

 to serious and extensive changes in the affected gland, 

 which changes are often described as scirrhous cancer, and 

 the parts removed accordingly. Inflammation of one of 

 these glands is readily detectable by high fever and the 

 local signs of inflammation. The milk from the affected 

 gland or glands will sometimes be found bloody and is 

 generally mixed with pus. The results of the disorder are 

 obstinate lacteal fistulse, openings of the sinuses at the 

 base of the teats (through which milk constantly drains and 

 proves an impediment to healing) or abscess, or induration 

 with functional obliteration of the gland. Ordinary anti- 

 phlogistic treatment having been carefully and diligently 

 resorted to in the acute stages, further measures must be 

 adapted to the progress of the case. Abscesses must be 

 freely opened ; scirrhous parts must be dressed with 

 tincture of iodine or with iodide of potassium ointment. 

 Fortunately, obliteration of one of the mammae is not so 

 serious a matter in the bitch as is " loss of a quarter " in 

 a cow. Malignant Growths are frequent in the mammas 

 of the bitch, although probably less so than is generally 

 supposed, as ordinary indurations of the glands are taken 

 for them. It is certain that a simple inflammation of one 

 of the glands may determine the development of malignant 

 growth in it. The same result is apt to follow injury, as 

 by the pups in suckling, blows, kicks, and other violence. 

 Malignancy is determined by the rapid growth of the 

 injured part and by its undergoing ulceration as a result 

 of even slight contusions or wounds after inflamma- 

 tion has been controlled ; surgical removal is the only 

 treatment to be relied on in such cases. The excision of 

 a cancerous gland is conducted on general surgical prin- 



