THE ORGAN S OF SPECIAL SENSE. 215 



for injury to the conjunctiva, or the presence of foreign 

 bodies between the lids, should be made; these causes being 

 absent, examination should next be made to determine 

 whether Obstruction of the Lachrymal Dqct is present. 

 It is not rare, and is considered especially frequent in 

 spaniels. There may be a slight purulent discharge 

 against the inner canthus. This may subside after 

 fomentations and astringent lotions, as the obstruction is 

 generally due to catarrhal inflammation of the lining 

 membrane of the duct, but it may be a result of entry of 

 foreign matter. In some dogs a watery condition of the 

 eyes is natural, being dependent on a constant laxity of the 

 conjunctival tissue of the eye. In such, astringent eye- 

 salves may be tried as occasionally of some benefit. 

 Peuch tells us that Lafosse has successfully treated 

 lachrymal fistula by making an artificial opening into the 

 mouth. Youatt has found Laceration of the Supra- 

 orbital Ligament present in animals destroyed on account 

 of injury. 



Tumours on the Cartilago Nictitans are by no means 

 rare ; they may be conjunctival or cartilaginous, interfere 

 with the free approximation of the eyelids, are unsightly, 

 and may produce watery eye. They are generally con- 

 genital, but may be acquired as a result of irritation or 

 injury. They should be removed with the scissors or 

 knife and will seldom afterwards cause inconvenience ; 

 cautic does not, as a rule, suffice for their removal. 



Conjunctivitis and Simple Ophthalmia is denoted in the 

 dog by the ordinary signs of this disorder and may depend 

 on foreign bodies in the palpebral fissure, injuries, stings, 

 poisonous herbs while the animal is in cover in the case of 

 sporting dogs (Blaine). It has been noted after sudden 

 changes of temperature when the animal is heated from 

 exertion, and has also been attributed to acrid emanations 

 in kennels, and to the acridity of soap and water left in the 

 eyes after washing. Derangement of the digestive organs 

 is apt to result in opacity of the cornea from malnutrition. 

 Granular conjunctivitis is frequently described as affecting 

 the dog, but must be considered a sequela of perforation 



