158 TEXTILE FIBERS [_CH. VI 



1S94. Especial attention is also called to the articles by Dr. E. M. Chamot in the 

 Journal of Applied Microscopy beginning with vol. ii. p. 502, and continued in 

 vol. iii and iv. 



TEXTILE FIBERS, FOOD AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 



§231. The microscope is coming more and more into use for the 

 determination of the character of textile fibers, both in the raw state 

 and after manufacture. As the textile fibers have distinctive char- 

 acters it is not difficult to determine mixtures in fabrics of various 

 kinds. The student is advised to study carefully known fibers, as of 

 cotton, wool, linen, silk, jute, etc., so that he is certain of the appear- 

 ances, and then to determine of what fibers different fabrics are com- 

 posed. He will be astonished at the amount of "Alabama wool" in 

 supposedly all wool goods. 



For works and articles upon textile fibers see : Herzfeld, J. Trans- 

 lated by Salter. The technical testing of yarns and textile fabrics 

 with reference to official specifications. London, 1898. E. A. 

 Posselt — The structure of fibers, yarns and fabrics. Philadelphia and 

 and London, 1891. Dr. C. Rougher — Des filaments vegetaux em- 

 ployes dans l'industrie. Paris, 1873. Wm. P. Wilson and E. Fah- 

 ring — ,The conditioning of wool and other fabrics in the technological 

 laboratories of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum. Journal of Ap- 

 plied Microscopy, Vol. II, (1899) pp. 290-292, 457-460. Bulletin of 

 the National Association of Wool Growers, 1875, p. 470. Proceed- 

 ings of the Amer. Micr. Soc, 1884, pp. 65-6S. Besides these referen- 

 ces one is liable to find pictures and discussions of various fibers in 

 general works on the microscope, and in technical and general cyclo- 

 paedias. 



§ 232. From the nature of food and pharmacological products 

 adulterations are in many cases most accurately and easily determined 

 by microscopic examination. The student will find constant reference 

 to the microscopical characters of the genuine and spurious substances 

 in medicines and other pharmacological products in works on pharmacy 

 or pharmacology ; also in pharmacological journals and in druggists 

 reports, e. g. the excellent and well illustrated article by Burt E. 

 Nelson of the chemical laboratory of the Binghamton State Hospital 

 on the Microscopical examination of tea, coffee, spices and condiments. 

 This appeared in Merck's Report, Oct. 15, Dec. 15, 1898. The micro- 

 scopical Journals also contain occasional articles bearing upon this 

 subject. See also Food Products in bulletins of the U. S. Dep't Agr. 

 Mace, E. — Les substances alimentaire. etc., Paris, 1891. Schimper, 



