THE CEANIUM. 



17S 



brain and the larger the face, the more does the face project in 

 front of the skull and therefore the greater is the facial' angle, 

 and vice versa. 



European 



facial angle of 

 anthrop. ' 



ml angle of European 

 ^anthropoid IT European 



Fig. 140.— The Facial Angle of alEuropean contrasted with that of an Anthropoid. 



It will thus be seen that the facial angle is a good index of 

 brain development. It is smallest in the most highly developed 

 races of man ; it is larger in the lower races, and larger still in 

 the anthropoids ; it increases in size with the advent of the per- 

 manent teeth and the necessary increase in the size of the face. 

 It is therefore greater in the adult than in the newly born. 



The Para-occipital Process is sometimes present in man, and 

 projects downwards from the jugular process of the occipital bone. 

 The rectus capitis lateralis is inserted to it. The process repre- 

 sents the para-occipital process, which is so highly developed in. 

 four-footed mammals. The para-mastoid process projects from 

 the temporal at its outer side (Parsons). 



Upgrowth of the Temporal and Occipital Ridges or Curved 

 Lines. — In lower animals, such as the ape or dog, a great increase 

 in the development of the temporal and nuchal muscles takes 

 place with the eruption of the permanent teeth, the area of their 

 origin from the skull being necessarily enlarged. The ridges of 

 bone which mark the limit of attachment of these muscles, the 

 temporal and occipital ridges, ascend on the skull as waves of 



