4Q 



PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF ANIMALS. 



remains in deep, comatose sleep, unconscious and inca- 

 pable of initiating any movement whatsoever. It stands; 

 if pushed, it will recover itself; if thrown into the air, 

 will fly a little way and alight, but lapses again into 

 coma. If food be put into the mouth, it swallows and 

 digests it, but does not voluntarily take it. Indeed, it 

 will starve in the presence of abundant food. From 

 these experiments it is believed that the cerebrum is the 

 seat of consciousness and conscious sensation, of voli- 

 tion and voluntary motion, and a fortiori of all the still 

 higher functions, such as intelligence, etc. 



Cerebellum.— li the cerebellum alone be removed, the 

 animal seems to be perfectly conscious, and tries to make 

 its usual movements of standing, walking, flying, etc., 

 but can not do so successfully. It can not stand or 

 walk steadily. It flutters, but can not fly. All its move- 

 ments are voluntary, but uncertain and staggering. It 

 is concluded, therefore, that the function of the cerebel- 

 lum is the co-ordination of muscular contraction. " It is 

 the reflex organ of equilibration."* In the acts of 

 standing, walking, flying, etc., very many muscles are 

 used. The contraction of these is initiated by the will, 

 whose seat is in the cerebrum, but they must be per- 

 fectly co-ordinated in order to accomplish any complex 

 act successfully. This is done by the cerebellum. The 

 staggering of drunkenness is the partial paralysis of the 

 cerebellum. 



Medulla. — This is the connecting link between the 

 other parts of the brain and the spinal cord, and through 

 the cord with the rest of the body. For this reason, then, 

 its importance is supreme. Again, the nerves control- 

 ling the most vital functions of the body, such as those 

 of the lungs and the heart, originate in the gray matter 



* Rev. Sci., vol. viii, p. 503, 1897. 



