50 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



gr. i/ioo to gr. 1/30) should be given subcutaneously, ahd re- 

 peated every few hours with digitalis, if necessary. Tonics, as 

 iron and arsenic, may be required in anemia, together with gener- 

 ous feeding. 



Active delirium and stupor are also thought to result from 

 chronic anemia of the brain with alteration of the composition of 

 the blood, as in chronic nephritis and tuberculosis, but here treat- 

 ment would not be worth while. 



Cerebral Hyperemia and Cerebral Hemorrhage or Apoplexy. 



These conditions are considered together as the treatment is 

 quite similar for both. Hyperemia is caused by overexertion and 

 excitement, heat, tympanites, toxins (legumes and rye grass in 

 horses), brain lesions, infections (distemper in dogs), and obstruc- 

 tions of the jugulars by harness, and may occur in all animals. 

 Maniacal excitement with purposeless kicking and biting, injected 

 mucous membranes about the head, contracted pupils and full fre- 

 quent pulse without fever, usher in the condition, and, if it persists, 

 are followed by stupor, unsteady gait and falling, with uncon- 

 sciousness. In cerebral hemorrhage, or apoplexy, there are un- 

 consciousness, with hemiplegia or monoplegia, and inability to 

 swallow. It occurs rarely in all the domestic animals and may 

 follow traumatism (meningeal hemorrhage), atheroma, and as a 

 result of infections, toxins and parasites in the brain. 



Treatment. — The head should be raised in the unconscious 

 patient and an ice-bag retained over the poll. Bleeding should 

 then be done (H., 4-8 quarts), unless the pulse is small and weak. 

 The limbs should be rubbed with mustard and water and bandaged. 

 Croton oil (TT\,xxx in a little olive oil may be dropped on the 

 tongue for the large animals; nxii for small patients) is an 

 effective purge in conditions where swallowing is difficult. Quiet, 

 darkened quarters are best for the patient. In case swallowing is 

 possible, a laxative diet of green fodder and gruels and mashes is 



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