20 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



( i ) The apoplectic form is seen in cattle and sheep and causes 

 death almost immediately. The animal staggers and falls, perhaps 

 with spasms and hemorrhage from the various cavities of the body, 

 or is found dead. As commonly seen in horses and cattle the disease 

 lasts from a few hours to a week and there may be intervals of 

 great apparent improvement. High fever and rapid pulse with 

 great weakness amounting almost to paraplegia, occur. 



(2) In the cerebral form, there is congestion of the mucous 

 membranes ; lachrymation ; mania with rushing and thrashing about 

 and running against objects; or stupor, convulsions, insensibility 

 and falling. 



(3) In the abdominal form, colic, especially in horses, with 

 tympanites, dysentery and edematous swellings of dependent parts 

 occur, and sometimes prolapse of the rectum. 



(4) In the thoracic form, dyspnea is predominant — with hur- 

 ried abdominal breathing and often bloody discharge from the nos- 

 trils — and, in the horse, a hard board-like swelling of the throat and 

 neck with protrusion of the nose; and vesicles and papules in the 

 mouth, dysphagia, salivation and suffocation are observed. 



(5) The lesions on the skin may appear with, or independ- 

 ently of, the other symptoms. The carbuncles are circumscribed 

 swellings in the skin — as large as a walnut perhaps — at first hot and 

 tender and, later, cold and insensitive and often gangrenous, with 

 extension to the neighboring lymphatics. Edema occurs as exten- 

 sive, insensitive, doughy, diffuse, cold swellings. From quarter ill, 

 the swellings of anthrax differ in not crepitating from gas-forma- 

 tion. Carbuncle is not quite so fatal a form as the other varieties 

 of anthrax. 



Anthrax occurs in horses when they eat the herbage down 

 close on infected pastures. The bacilli or spores may infect through 

 water, food, inhalation of dust, or through the skin, by abrasion of 

 lips or tongue, or by friction of harness. 



Symptoms in Horses. — The temperature is io4°-ios° F. The 



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