PREVENTION, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT 67 



bladder by instruments, those conveyed from the rectum through 

 the lymphatics, and those ascending from below in infections of 

 the genital tract. 



Symptoms. — Frequent and painful passage of small amounts 

 of urine, which is bloody or thick and turbid, is characteristic. The 

 urine contains epithelial cells, blood, pus, mucus, and often numer- 

 ous crystals of triple phosphates and bacteria. There is loss of 

 appetite, fever, colic, and constant straining and pain in micturition. 

 Cows lie down with arched backs, and males often straddle in walk- 

 ing, and have retraction of the testicles and erections. Examina- 

 tion per rectum in large animals shows only tenderness over the 

 neck of the bladder and the same on palpation over the hypogastrium 

 in small patients. There is less fever and albumin in the urine than 

 in pyelitis, and more marked bladder symptoms, while symptoms 

 pointing to the kidney are absent. In very severe cases, shreds of 

 membrane are seen in the urine. 



Treatment. — Acute congestion of the bladder is allayed by 

 giving internally a great amount of bland liquids, as barley water, 

 mashes of grain, and milk to the large animals; while milk forms 

 the best diet for dogs. Ice water irrigation of the rectum is also 

 very serviceable in reducing the vesical inflammation. The bowels 

 should be opened by salts or linseed oil in the larger patients, and 

 by castor oil in the case of dogs. 



Hot applications over the loins are of some service. To quiet 

 the pain and spasmodic contractions of the bladder, opium and 

 belladonna are most valuable. 1/6 to % grain each of morphine 

 and extract of belladonna may be given in suppository to a dog. 

 To the larger animals the following may be prescribed: Spirit of 

 nitrous ether, and tincture of opium, aa§i with fluidextract of bella- 

 donna and tincture of aconite, each Si, p.r.n. To dogs, one-half 

 dram each of potassium citrate and spirit of nitrous ether may be 

 administered thrice daily in water. 



After the acute pain has passed, urinary antiseptics may replace 



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