112 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



be distinguished from hemoglobinuria caused by the parasite Piro- 

 plasma bigeminum (see p. 1 14) . There appears to be a specific form 

 of red water in cattle which occurs enzootically in animals at pas- 

 ture in low-lying regions, attacking chiefly the young and females. 

 Oxen, sheep and goats are rarely sufferers. Unlike that caused by 

 the piroplasma, it is a chronic disease with the appearance of true 

 blood in the urine, and accompanied by ulceration of the urinary 

 bladder, probably caused by an unknown parasite. It begins with 

 frequency and turbidity of the urine, which later becomes red or 

 reddish-brown. It progresses, but often with long intervals of 

 freedom from bloody urine. The patient grows gradually weaker 

 and paler and has dropsical swellings, while blood is often seen 

 about the hair at the lower commissure of the vulva. The urethra 

 often is blocked with clots, in the male, so that the bladder is dis- 

 tended and perhaps ruptured. A fatal result is the rule, but rarely 

 sooner than two years. 



Treatment. — This is of little avail except to send patients 10 an 

 uninfected region. The drainage of pastures and fertilizing of 

 them with superphosphates and lime are of value as preventive 

 measures. 



Hemoglobinemia, Hemoglobinuria, Azoturia, Black Water, etc., in 

 Horses. 



This disease appears to be an acute degeneration of the 

 muscles of the loin and hind quarters, with general toxemia from 

 the entrance of decomposition-products (hemoglobin and methe- 

 m-oglobin) into the blood and urine. It develops when the horse is 

 put to work following a period of rest and generous feeding in the 

 stable (Monday morning disease). The first signs are stiffness, 

 lameness and weakness in the hind legs. The animal sweats, moves 

 unsteadily, and usually ends by falling. The muscles of the hind 

 ■quarters are hard, tense and tender to the touch, and there is 

 commonly retention of dark colored urine. 



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