u6 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



under the belly, about tail and udder, and inside legs, from June ist 

 to November ist This will save animals and also protect pastures 

 from mature ticks, fertilized and ready to lay eggs on them.. 



2. Smearing the legs and sides of cattle twice weekly with 

 one of the following: Beaumont crude petroleum;, or a mixture 

 of i gallon each of cottonseed and kerosene oil containing i lb. of 

 sulphur, put on with a brush, or sponge, or syringe. Or spraying 

 the animal (tied up) with sprinkling nozzle or fruit tree sprayer 

 with Beaumont oil, or 5 per cent, solution of coal tar dips, is useful 

 It should be continued from June to November. 



3. Large numbers of cattle are treated by dipping in a vat 

 especially constructed for the purpose (see Farmer's Bull. No. 152, 

 U. S. Bureau of Animal Industry). Beaumont crude petroleum oil 

 is used for the bath. Dipping is not to be done until after the winter 

 coat is shed and animals must stand four to eight days to drain 

 after dipping before shipment. 



4. Ticks mature on cattle for twenty to forty-five days and 

 then the female spends three weeks or more on the ground in laying 

 and hatching eggs. In the " soiling method " the cattle are placed 

 in a small tick-free enclosure and cleaned, and, at the end of three 

 weeks, removed to another similar enclosure. At the end of another 

 three weeks they are examined, and, if free from ticks, may be 

 placed in a non-infested pasture. If not, they are placed in a third 

 pen for two weeks more. By this time all. the ticks originally on the 

 cattle will have dropped off and no new ticks will have got on them 

 since they were not in any pen. long enough for eggs to have hatched 

 and young or seed ticks to have gotten on them. The: pens must 

 be disinfected before being used again, and any hay fed must come 

 from non-infested fields. 



Freeing Pastures. — This is done by the following methods : 

 1. Cattle should be removed from a tick-infested pasture on 

 September ist and cleaned of ticks and then be placed on a non- 

 infested pasture where no ticky animal has been for six months,. 



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