I22 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



disorders (purpura, anthrax, septicemia), and piles (in swine and 

 dogs; occasionally in horses and cattle). 



Symptoms. — In hematemesis dark blood is sometimes vomited. 

 This is pathognomonic, but if the blood is not vomited it passes 

 through the bowels and is indistinguishable from that derived from 

 the intestines. In bleeding from the bowels (enterorrhagia) the 

 blood is usually black and tarry-looking and escapes with the feces. 

 If bright red, the hemorrhage is usually from the rectum or lower 

 bowel. 



Treatment. — The application of hot blankets externally, ice 

 water internally and bandaging the limbs is desirable. In hemate- 

 mesis, adrenalin by mouth (§ss for horses; 3ss-i for dogs, of the I 

 to 1,000 solution) is probably the most successful remedy. Monsel's 

 solution or salt in pill (H., 3i; D., gr. iii) may be repeated each 

 fifteen minutes for one hour, if adrenalin does not relieve. Tannic 

 acid, hamamelis and ergot (by the mouth or subcutaneously) are 

 also suitable hemostatics. 



Tannic acid with opium, or Monsel's salt, as advised for bema- 

 temis, are as valuable in enterorrhagia. If the bleeding is slight, 

 then turpentine in emulsion with acacia is useful (H., §ss; D., 

 TTLx). If bleeding takes place from the rectum, local applications 

 are most efficient as enemata — i pint for large animals; §ii-iv for 

 small patients. Among these we can commend the following: 

 adrenalin (*ss of the 1-1,000 solution in i pint of cold water), 

 Monsel's salt or alum (3iii to Oi of either) or tannic acid (3v 

 toOi). 



Nose-Bleed — Epistaxis. — This symptom may be caused by 

 injuries to the nose, intense inflammation of the mucous membrane, 

 septal varicosities, angioma, ulcer, polypus or new-growths, violent 

 exertion, sneezing, passive congestion of heart or lung disease, 

 cerebral congestion, blood disease — hemophilia, purpura, leukemia, 

 and anthrax and glanders. In dogs a parasite (Uncinaria trigo- 



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