I4 8 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



swelling of the mucosa and plugging with mucus. The catarrhal 

 condition is then an extension from that existing in the duodenum. 

 It is possible that some of the other larger biliary ducts suffer 

 also from the catarrhal process. In some cases swelling of the head 

 of the pancreas may occlude the bile duct. 



Treatment consists in allaying the catarrhal condition by the 

 use of warm, moist compresses over the liver, and by measures ad- 

 dressed to the local catarrh of the duodenum. 



In the dog, a few grains of calomel may be given at the start, 

 to clear the bowel of fermenting ingesta, and bismuth and sodium 

 bicarbonate (each gr. x) may be administered thrice daily in cap- 

 sules. The diet should be without fat, as skim-milk and lime water, 

 lean meat, broths and bread. Massage over the region of the gall 

 bladder may assist escape of the bile into the duodenum, and the 

 use of cold enemata is thought to be useful in stimulating reflexly 

 the peristalsis of the gall bladder and ducts. 



* In the horse, the diet should be of easily digestible, laxative 

 food, as green fodder, carrots, boiled potatoes, steamed, cracked 

 oats. Artificial Carlsbad salts (§i-ii) should be placed on the food 

 thrice daily. The salts tend to dissolve mucus and relieve the con- 

 gestion about the obstructed duct. Water should be given freely. 



Keratitis, Ulcer, Abscess and Opacity of the Cornea. 



Keratitis may occur in all animals and commonly is secondary 

 to conjunctivitis or is favored by trauma, debility, autoinfection 

 from the digestive tract or altered nerve supply. In any case, in- 

 fection with cocci of various kinds is the immediate exciting cause. 

 With severe forms, suppuration and abscess, which usually break 

 down into an external ulcer, or more rarely into the anterior cham- 

 ber (hypopyon), anterior staphyloma, or resulting corneal opacity, 

 are to be feared. 



Symptoms. — Corneal haziness, surrounding congestion of the 

 conjunctiva, photophobia, blepharospasm, lachrimation, and con- 



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