1j 2 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



rubber tube in the nostrils, by trephining the chambers above, and 

 by a flexible stomach tube introduced through the posterior nasai 

 openings. 



A good cleansing solution consists of sodium bicarbonate and 

 biborate, of each Siiss to the pint of water. An antiseptic douche 

 of value is a ^2 to i per cent, solution of creolin. Astringent appli- 

 cations include i per cent, tannic acid solution, 1-3 per cent, 

 alum solution, 1-2 per cent, copper sulphate solution, and 1-2 per 

 cent, zinc sulphate solution. These may be changed each two 

 weeks as their efficacy wanes. Hygienic treatment is valuable and 

 embraces fresh air or outdoor life, with feeding on the ground to 

 secure drainage, good food, and bitter tonics and iron. Isolation 

 is advisable, as a positive diagnosis is often impossible. 



Secondary chronic rhinitis is more common and is due to 

 glanders, disease of the accessory sinus's, catarrh of the guttural 

 pouches, tumors, parasites, alveolar abscess, etc. Without a care- 

 ful local examination with a rhinoscope, diagnosis is mere guess- 

 work. The use of mallein will settle the diagnosis of glanders. 

 Discharge from one nostril argues against primary, chronic rhinitis. 



Nephritis. 



Acute. — Acute nephritis occurs in all animals, more commonly 

 in horses, cattle, and dogs. The elimination of toxins and bacteria 

 by the kidneys in the course of acute infectious diseases is probably 

 the most frequent cause of acute inflammation of these organs. In 

 pregnancy the occurrence of albuminuria is frequent and indicates 

 an autointoxication which may be associated with renal congestion 

 or nephritis. Cold alone is rarely a sole cause of nephritis, but 

 during infectious diseases it is a powerful predisposing factor. 

 Irritant drugs, as turpentine, cantharides; raw potatoes or cotton 

 seed meal in excess, moldy and fermented food, mineral poisons, 

 trauma, parasites, filaria in the blood, Eustrongylus gigas; and 

 hemoglobinemia of horses ; may lead to acute nephritis. 



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