PREVENTION, -SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT X jc 



tial, together with purgatives, as recommended for acute nephritis. 

 If the pulse is hard, with high vascular tension, nitroglycerin may- 

 be prescribed thrice daily (H., 3i; D., 1T|.i-v of the spirit). The 

 animal should be protected from cold and common salt should be 

 withheld if edema or dropsy is present. A milk diet is useful for 

 dogs. 



Uremic symptoms must be treated by a strong purge, pilocar- 

 pine, hot external applications and nerve sedatives, as recommended 

 under acute nephritis. 



Suppurative Nephritis. — Pyelo - Nephritis. — Pyelitis. — 

 These lesions of the kidney are considered together, as it is very 

 difficult to separate them in practice, and their treatment is identical. 

 Infection of the kidney arises more commonly from below — al- 

 though it does occur from the blood through elimination of bacteria 

 in many infectious disorders — and, in cows and mares, from the 

 vagina following septic, parturient states. A special bacillus causes 

 pyelo-nephritis in the cow, but those of the colon group often infect 

 the kidney from the rectum (per vaginam). Ascending infection 

 in cystitis, stone in the kidney or ureter, general septic conditions, 

 trauma, tuberculosis, glanders, septic emboli, parasites (E. gigas) 

 and retention of urine, may all lead to any of the forms of suppura- 

 tion of the kidney. 



Symptoms. — The symptoms — most common in cattle — include 

 loss of appetite, emaciation, cessation of rumination, colic and fever, 

 while more special features are frequent micturition, and the pass- 

 age of foul, bloody or slimy urine of low specific gravity with blood 

 and pus on the root of the tail. Urination is often painful and the 

 cow shows a disinclination to arise or move and is tender on 

 pressure over the kidneys. Examination per rectum offers the most 

 conclusive evidence if the kidneys and ureters are found enlarged 

 and tender. The urine is albuminous, much more so than in cystitis, 

 and the microscope shows an abundance of pus, more or less blood 

 and bacteria. There is often a coincident vaginal discharge show- 



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