2I g DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



abortion (p. 282), and quarantine of the patient till all vaginal 

 discharge ceases are final precautions. 



Pulmonary Congestion and Edema. 



Active pulmonary congestion may occur as a primary affection 

 in the horse owing to violent exertion and exposure to extreme 

 heat or cold. It is also caused by disease of the coronary vessels, 

 and may be present in beginning pneumonia, and in bronchitis, 

 pleurisy, and emphysema. Inhalation of irritating gases may pro- 

 duce it. In its most acute form, in the horse, there is great dyspnea 

 and the animal fights for breath, the respiration is rapid (even 

 60-100), with harsh or diminished breath sounds; there may be 

 hemoptysis, and on examination fine rales and perhaps dulness on 

 percussion are discovered. The onset and course are rapid, re- 

 covery, pneumonia or death often occurring within twenty-four 

 hours. 



Edema is usually associated with, and caused by, pulmonary 

 congestion and also occurs in kidney, heart and brain diseases, and 

 in anemic and hydremic states. Dulness and large, moist rales in 

 the posterior lower part of lungs are found. 



Treatment. — With intense, sudden and intense dyspnea no 

 agent is more life-saving than immediate venesection, with the 

 removal of four to six quarts of blood (see p. 283) in the large ani- 

 mals. In addition, the external application of hot turpentine stupes, 

 or mustard paste and hot blankets, is of great service, if frequently 

 renewed and aided by bandaging of the legs. When edema is as- 

 sociated, the use of a powerful cathartic is indicated, together with 

 treatment appropriate to the primary cause. 



Passive pulmonary congestion is secondary to weakened heart 

 action in heart disease or debilitating disease, in prolonged decubitus 

 and apoplexy, and is characterized by dulness, and rales in the more 

 dependent parts of the lungs in these conditions. 



The treatment should be directed toward overcoming the 



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