2 c 2 DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 



a blunt needle into the brain substance. We advise the injection of 

 antitoxin along with Bacelli's treatment under the skin for prophy- 

 laxis (H. and C, 10 c.c. ; Sheep, 5 c.c.), and in repeated doses as 

 a therapeutic agent (H. and C, 20 c.c). Tetanus bacilli and 

 spores may live in the tissues for weeks and therefore it is wise to 

 repeat the prophylactic dose at the end of the first and third week 

 to antagonize any later intoxication caused by a new crop of bacilli. 

 Tetanus antitoxin for human use is now standardized by law. The 

 prophylactic dose is 1,500 units; curative, 3,000 to 20,000 units. 

 Veterinary antitoxin is not standardized and is consequently six 

 or more times weaker in potency (units) per c.c. than human 

 antitoxin. It would be better to use human antitoxin therefore. 



If any wound exists when symptoms of tetanus appear it 

 should be most thoroughly opened to its depths to the air and treated 

 with an application of pure carbolic acid, which Kitasato has shown 

 is peculiarly inimical to tetanus germs ; while the body is at the 

 same time correspondingly insusceptible to its ordinary toxic action. 

 Iodoform is useful on the navels of the new-born. Bacelli's treat- 

 ment internally is the most successful in tetanus. One dram of 

 carbolic acid in 5 per cent, solution may be injected into the muscles 

 of the neck and shoulders of the horse every two hours during the 

 first thirty-six hours, and less often thereafter. 



To allay the spasm of the jaw and elsewhere, morphine sul- 

 phate (H., gr. vii-x) may be injected hypodermically, and chloral 

 given per rectum in boiled starch solution in a dose of from two to 

 three ounces. Chloroform may give temporary relief. The use 

 of slings and a darkened, quiet box-stall with gentle management 

 are desirable. - The diet should be sloppy, of milk, gruels and per- 

 haps some green fodder with water within easy reach. The bowels 

 are emptied by hand or enema and the urine by catheter, in the 

 female, or by pressure through the rectum on the bladder in the 

 male. 



Thorough disinfection of the premises after a case of tetanus 



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