PREVENTION, SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT 26l 



stomach tube may permit of escape of ; gas, ( if it does not become 

 .clogged. The Germans use a stream. of cold water thrqwp against 

 the left flank to .start peristalsis of, the rumen. 



To stimulate peristalsis, -alcohol may be used in some form, in 

 concentrated solution, or, better, compound spirit of . ether, one 

 ounce for cattje,. two drams for sheep. 



With the distension increasing, despite these measures, a 

 trocar and canula (or, for want, of this, a long knife) should be 

 quickly plunged into the most prominent part of the swelling in 

 the left flank, between the last rib and angle of the haupch. The 

 tissues should be compressed about the. canula, while forcing it into 

 the rumen, to prevent the gas and food from entering into the 

 tissues. The canula may be left in place for, twenty-four or forty- 

 eight hours, to prevent re-accumulation of the gas, and the animal 

 fed for .several days lightly, as on a little, hay. and bran mash. 



If the rumen is also impacted, .see p. 134. 



Urinary Retention— rC^lculus— Lithiasis. 



This is a symptom of various vesical conditions. It is a com- 

 mon symptom of intestinal cojic irom spasm , of the sphincter; it 

 occurs from the obstruction offered; by .foreign bodies in the; bladder 

 or urethra, as. calculi; it is caused by, compression from without of 

 growths, fecal masses, etc. ; and from any obstruction in the urethra 

 irom inflammation, stricture, phimosis apd paraphimosis ; from 

 paralysis of the detrusor muscle in over-distension of the bladder; 

 and as a symptom of brain or spinal disease and very severe in- 

 flammation about the bladder. 



Symptoms.— Retention from calculus is not uncommon in 

 oxen and male sheep, and stone is rarely diagnosed in them until 

 Obstruction of the urethra and retention has already happened. 

 Loss of appetite and rumination, dulness and constant unsuccessful 

 attempts at urination with dribbling or ahsolute suppression, of .urine 

 and perhaps raising of the.tail and rhythmical, contractions. of the 

 accelerator urinse below the anus call attention to the obstruction $f 



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