48 ANATOMY. 



lines the abdominal cavity and also covers the various abdominal 

 ■organs. 



The liver is the largest gland in the body, weighing ahout 1 1 

 lbs. and is situated in the abdominal cavity on the right side and 

 well forward against the diaphragm. It manufactures about 12 

 lbs. of bile in 24 hours. The liver shows four fairly distinct 

 lobes, named — the left, right, middle, and Spigelian. The liver 

 is enclosed in a strong capsule called Glisson's capsule. The cow 

 has a gall-bladder, but the horse has none and the bile flows 

 more or less constantly into the intestine. The bile aids somewhat 

 in digestion of fats. It has also a slight cathartic effect: it aids 

 absorption and tends to prevent putrefaction. The liver cells 

 convert sugar from the blood into animal starch (glycogen), 

 and store it up as such and finally they reconvert this glycogen 

 into soluble sugar and give it out to the blood in proportion as 

 the blood loses its susfar. 



FIG. 23. STOMACH OF THE COW. 

 A, A and B, B, Different portions of the paunch or rumen; C, termination 

 of the oesophagus; D, second stomach (reticulum); E, third stomach (oma- 

 sum); F, F, fourth stomach (abomasum) ; G, small intestine, just beyond the 

 pyloris; H, oesophagus. 



The pancreas, smaller than liver, weighing only 17 oz., but it 

 furnishes about 11 lbs. pancreatic fluid daily. Located in ab- 

 dominal cavity below aorta and behind stomach and liver. Ends 



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