n6 DOMESTICATED DOGS. 



The jaws are long, tapering gradually from the cheeks, which 

 should not be full and bulging, indicative of a bulldog cross. 

 Teeth level, or, if anything, a trifle overhung. Nose perfectly 

 black. 



The eyes are small, sharp, and expressive, the iris being so dark 

 a brown as to look black without a close examination. Though 

 small, they should be set level with the edge of the orbit, and 

 neither below nor above its surface. 



The ears are almost invariably cropped, and that in a way to 

 cause great pain to the dog, not only at the time, but for many 

 weeks afterwards. In order to give a very sharp appearance, the 

 leather is cut away almost level with the head, leaving a thin point 

 standing up in a manner quite unnatural to the animal in any of 

 his varieties. To do this requires a very good eye and some 

 practice, but however well the operation is done, the wound will 

 contract and pucker the slip left if daily attention is not paid to 

 it, by removing the scabs' and stretching out the puckers ; the 

 thin and sharp point shrinks into an unsightly crumpled lump, 

 and instead of an appearance being presented of greater sharpness 

 than before, the reverse is exhibited. Hopes have been entertained 

 of late years that this jpractice of cropping would be abandoned 

 in the case of these terriers, as has been done with the pug, but 

 I see no indications of such a happy result ; and undoubtedly a 

 Manchester terrier, however well made and marked, would be left 

 out of the prize list by any of our judges if exhibited with his 

 ears entire. The operation is not usually done till the puppy is 

 six or seven months old, as until that time it is almost impossible 

 to get the desired shape, and this makes it all the mqre painful, 

 as by that time the cartilages have become hard, and a sharp pair 

 of scissors must be used with considerable force to put through 

 them. The natural ear is thin in well-bred dogs, and falls over 



